. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 23.

Published in final edited form as: Intensive Care Med. 2009 Jan 23;35(5):796–809. doi: 10.1007/s00134-009-1396-5

Table 1.

Study cohort characteristics, ordered by follow-up time

					Mean (Standard Deviation) or Median (Interquartile Range) [Absolute Range]
Study	Study type	N Enrolled	Inclusion (I) and exclusion (E) criteria	Male (%)	Age in years	Days in hospital	Days in ICU	Days of mechanical ventilation	APACHE II score	Follow-up in months
Jackson et al. 2003 [11]	Prospective cohort	34	I: mechanically ventilated E: mental retardation, brain lesions, neurological disorder affecting cognitive function, major psychiatric illness, sensory or language deficits	53%	53 (15)	-	-	-	25 (9)	0, 6

Samuelson et al. 2007 [12]	Prospective cohort	250	I: > 18 years of age, mechanically ventilated, general ICU LOS at least 24 hours E: head injury, psychotic illness, mental retardation, intoxication, admitted following suicide attempt, hearing/speech disability, non-Swedish speaking, transferred to another hospital, mechanically ventilated at d/c, mechanically ventilated > 24 hours pre-admission	52%	63 (13)	-	6 (6), 4	4 (5), 2	18	0.16, 2

Jones et al. 2001 [13]	Prospective cohort	45	I: general medical and surgical ICU LOS at least 24 hours, mechanically ventilated E: admitted following suicide attempt or head injury, ongoing or previous psychotic illness	44%	57 [17-82]	-	8 [1-60]	-	17 [4-28]	0.5, 2

Rattray et al. 2005 [14]	Prospective cohort	109	I: > 18 years of age, general ICU LOS at least 24 hours E: living > 100 miles away	-	55 (18)	28 (15,57)	5 (2,13)	-	18 (5)	0.75, 6, 12

Boyle et al. 2004 [15]	Prospective cohort	66	I: > 18 years of age, general ICU LOS at least 48 hours E: non-English speaking, neurologic impairment , paraplegia or quadriplegia	63%	59 (15)	26 (30)	7 (6)	2 (4)	16 (7)	1, 6

Guentner et al. 2006 [16]	Cross-sectional	30	I: > 18 years of age, mechanically ventilated > 7 days, tracheostomy E: MMSE < 24, non-English speaking	57%	63 (18) [20-83]	31 [7-205]	30 [7-186]	92 ^a [21-2624] ^a	-	[1.5 – 11]

Jones et al. 2003 [17]	Randomized controlled trial	69, 57 ^b, 126 ^c	I: mechanically ventilated, mixed general ICU LOS at least 48 hours E: burn injury, neurosurgical patient, preexisting psychotic illness, speech/reading difficulty, life expectancy < 6 months	54%, 58% ^b	57 (17) [17-77] 59 (16) ^b [17-84] ^b	-	14 (20) [2-114] 13 (18) ^b [2-110] ^b	-	17 (5) 16 (5) ^b	2, 6

Weinert et al. 2006 [18]	Prospective cohort	277	I: > 18 years of age, mechanically ventilated > 36 hours E: coma > 24 hours, mental retardation, chronic cognitive dysfunction, craniotomy, plans to withdraw life support	52%	54 (47-63)	22	-	6	-	2, 6

Young et al. 2005 [19]	Cross-sectional	20	I: > 18 years of age, ICU LOS at least 24 hours E: head injury, living alone, psychiatric illness, admitted following suicide attempt	75%	54 (17)	19 (17)	-	-	15 (5)	3

Sukantarat et al. 2007 [20]	Prospective cohort	51	I: general ICU LOS at least 72 hours E: major medical or surgical therapy following d/c, reluctance to undergo detailed testing, still in hospital at time of study, lived at a distance	43%	57 (14) 60 (49,66) [27-82]	-	17 (17) 9 [3-78]	12 (17)	15 (6)	3, 9

Eddleston et al. 2000 [21]	Retrospective cohort	143	I: > 17 years of age, ICU stay E: -	52%	51 (19)	-	4 (1-11)	-	15 (7)	3, 6, 12

Chelluri et al. 2004 [22]	Prospective cohort	296	I: : > 18 years of age, mechanically ventilated > 48 hours E: solid organ transplant, non-English speaking, prisoner, chronic ventilator dependence, social security number ending in 9	54%	65	-	-	-	-	12

Kress et al. 2003 [23]	Case-control	13, 19 ^b, 32 ^c	I: mechanically ventilated in medical ICU, received IV drip sedation E: -	31%, 42% ^b	50 (16), 47 (20) ^b	18 (13), 19 (10) ^b	7 (6), 13 (10) ^b	6 (6) 10 (7) ^b	16 (6), 18 (7) ^b	14 (7), 12 (5) ^b

Scragg et al. 2001 [24]	Cross-sectional	142	I: general ICU survivor between 10/1/95-10/1/97 E: head trauma, accidental or non-accidental injury, admitted for routine surgery w/o complications.	53%	57 [19-90]	-	[1-33]	-	-	13 (6) [3-21]

Abbreviations (in alphabetical order): d/c = discharge; ICU = intensive care unit; IV = intravenous; LOS = length-of-stay; MMSE = Mini-Mental Status Exam; w/o = without; “-“ = not reported.

many of the patients in this study were chronically ventilated following ICU discharge and thus had longer durations of ventilation than their ICU LOS;

control group values (for randomized-controlled trial and case-control study);

entire sample.