Table 2:

Adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios for perceived traffic, crime, and animals as barriers to safe walking among U.S. adults by urban/rural residence and race/ethnicity, NHIS 2015

	Traffica				Crimeb				Animalsc
Urban/rural residence and race/ethnicity	%	95% CI	APR	95% CI	%	95% CI	APR	95% CI	%	95% CI	APR	95% CI
Urban
White, non-Hispanic	20.0	18.8–21.0	1.00	Referent	10.5	9.7–11.3	1.00	Referent	6.8	6.1–7.4	1.00	Referent
Black, non-Hispanic	22.5	20.7–24.4	1.13	1.02–1.24	23.1	21.3–25.0	2.21	1.96–2.46	17.1	15.4–18.8	2.52	2.19–2.86
Hispanic	21.3	19.8–22.9	1.07	0.97–1.17	16.9	15.4–18.4	1.62	1.43–1.81	12.2	11.0–13.4	1.81	1.55–2.06
Other, non-Hispanic	20.4	18.0–22.9	1.03	0.90–1.16	15.6	13.4–17.8	1.49	1.25–1.72	10.0	8.1–12.0	1.48	1.16–1.80
Rural
White, non-Hispanic	35.8	33.2–38.4	1.00	Referent	5.1	4.0–6.2	1.00	Referent	13.5	11.9–15.2	1.00	Referent
Black, non-Hispanic	39.0	30.8–47.2	1.09	0.85–1.33	10.2	6.7–13.7	2.02	1.21–2.82	27.6	21.0–34.3	2.04	1.51–2.57
Hispanic	34.5	26.2–42.8	0.96	0.71–1.22	6.5	2.8–10.2	1.28	0.50–2.06	12.9	7.4–18.3	0.95	0.54–1.36
Other, non-Hispanicd	31.5	22.3–40.7	0.88	0.62–1.14	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

P-values for tests of interaction between race/ethnicity and urban/rural residence: Traffic p=0.66, Crime p=0.58, Animals p=0.006.

CI: Confidence interval; APR: Adjusted prevalence ratio

All models adjust for sex, age, and education level

^aParticipants were asked, “Where you live, does traffic make it unsafe for you to walk?”

^bParticipants were asked, “Where you live, does crime make it unsafe for you to walk?”

^cParticipants were asked, “Where you live, do dogs or other animals make it unsafe for you to walk?”

^dValues with a relative standard error >30% are suppressed