AANAT	Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
ABC	ATP-binding cassette transporter
ACTH	Adrenocorticotropic hormone
AD	Autosomal dominant
Akt	Protein kinase B
APC	Adenomatous polyposis coli
AR	Autosomal recessive
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
Bcl2	B-cell lymphoma 2
Bcl-xL	B-cell lymphoma-extra large
BLM	Bloom syndrome protein
BMI	Body mass index
CDK2/4	Cyclin-dependant kinase 2/4
CDKN2A	Cyclin-dependant kinase inhibitor 2A
cGMP	Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate
CIC	Capicua transcriptional repressor
circRNA	Circular RNA
CK1	Casein kinase 1
c-Myc	Cellular myc
Co-F	Co-factor
COX	Cyclooxygenase
CREB	cAMP-response element binding protein
CSC	Cancer stem cell
CTGF	Connective tissue growth factor
DNMT	DNA methyltransferase
Dvl	Dishevelled protein
ECV	Extracellular vesicles
EGF	Epidermal growth factor
EMT	Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
GnRH	Gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone
GSK-3β	Glycogen synthase kinase 3β
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha
HPβCD	2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.
IGF	Insulin growth factor
IL-2/6/12/34	Interleukin
INFγ	Interferon gamma
INK4A	CDK inhibitors superfamily
INOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
IP3	Inositol trisphosphate
JNK	Jun N-terminal kinase
Kif7	Kinesin family member 7
LA	Linoleic acid
LH	Luteinizing hormone
lncRNA	Long non-coding RNA
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
M-CSF	Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
MCT1/4	Monocarboxylate transporter 1/4
MDM2	Murine double minute 2
MDR	Multidrug resistance
MeCP2	Methyl CpG binding protein 2
miR	MicroRNA
MMP-9	Matrix metallopeptidase-9
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cell
MT1	Melatonin receptor 1
MT2	Melatonin receptor 2
mTOR	Mechanistic (formerly “mammalian”) target of rapamycin
NCID	NOTCH intracellular domain
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NOS	Nitric oxide synthases
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
OS	Osteosarcoma
OS-CSC	Osteosarcoma–cancer stem cell
OXPHOS	Oxidative phosphorylation
PDK	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
PEDF	Pigment epithelium-derived factor
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
P-gp	P-glycoprotein
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3 kinase
PKC	Protein kinase C
PKG	Protein kinase G
PTEN	Phosphotase and tensin homolog
PTH	Parathyroid hormone
PTHR	Parathyroid hormone receptor
PTH-rp	Parathyroid-related peptide
RANKL	Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta
Rb1	Retinoblastoma 1
RCT	Randomized clinical trial
RecQ	Recombination Q helicases
Rh0/ROCK	Rho-associated protein kinase
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
ROR	Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
R-SMAD	Receptor-regulated Smad
RUNX2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
SIRT3	Sirtuin 3
SMAD	Suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic
SOD2	Superoxide dismutase 2
SOX5	S RY-Box transcription factor 5
STAT	Signal transducers and activators of transcription
SUFU	Suppressor of fused homolog
TCA	Tricarboxylic acid cycle
TCF/LEF	T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor
TET	Ten-eleven translocation
TF	Transcription factor
TGF	Transforming growth factor
TGFβ	Transforming growth factor beta
TNFα	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TP53	Tumor protein p53
TSC 1/2	Tuberous sclerosis 1/2
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
Wnt	Wingless/Integrated
WWOX	WW domain-containing oxidoreductase