Figure 3.

Strategies for the formation of organoids in vitro. Organoids can be cultivated from several types of cellular origins, such as embryonic stem cells, stem cells derived from adults, cells reprogrammed to an embryonic-like pluripotent state known as induced pluripotent stem cells, and cells from tumors. Tissue samples obtained through surgical resection or biopsy from healthy or diseased individuals are separated into individual cells. These cells are then grown into organoids in a controlled environment supplemented with a range of signaling molecules [106].