Table 1.
Overview of MASLD.
| Section | Subsection | Focus Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Introduction | - | Overview of MASLD |
| 2. Pathophysiology | - | Mechanisms behind MASLD |
| 3. Risk Factors | 3.1. Cardiovascular Disease | Link between MASLD and cardiovascular health |
| 3.2. Dyslipidemia | Impact of abnormal lipid levels on MASLD | |
| 3.3. Type II Diabetes Mellitus | Connection between diabetes and MASLD | |
| 3.4. Obesity | Role of obesity in MASLD development | |
| 3.5. Iron Overload | Influence of iron on MASLD | |
| 3.6. Galactosemia | Association of galactosemia with MASLD | |
| 3.7. Alpha-1-Antitrypsin | A1AT deficiency’s effect on MASLD | |
| 3.8. Glycogen Storage Diseases | GSDs and their contribution to MASLD | |
| 3.9. Viral Hepatitis | Hepatitis and MASLD relationship | |
| 3.10. Wilson’s Disease | Wilson’s Disease and its association with MASLD | |
| 3.11. Cystic Fibrosis | CFLD’s relationship with MASLD | |
| 3.12. Leukocyte Telomere Length | Leukocyte TL in relation to MASLD development | |
| 3.13. Smoking | Smoking as a risk factor for MASLD | |
| 4. Dietary Effect on Fatty Acid Metabolism | 4.1. Gut Microbiome | Gut microbiome’s impact on MASLD |
| 4.2. Gut–Liver Axis | Interaction between gut and liver in MASLD | |
| 4.3. Western Diet/Fatty Diet | Influence of diet on MASLD | |
| 4.4. Mediterranean Diet | Benefits of this diet for MASLD | |
| 4.5. Intermittent Fasting | IF’s effect on MASLD | |
| 5. Genetic Pathways Related to MASLD | 5.1. Oxidative Stress | Role of oxidative stress in MASLD |
| 5.2. Genetic Mutations | Key genetic factors in MASLD | |
| 5.3. Epigenetics | Epigenetic influences on MASLD | |
| 5.4. MicroRNA Posttranscriptional Regulation | miRNA’s role in MASLD | |
| 6. The Future with Organoids | - | Application of organoids in MASLD research |
| 7. Therapy | 7.1. Lifestyle | Lifestyle interventions for MASLD |
| 7.2. Bariatric Surgery | Surgical options for MASLD treatment | |
| 7.3. Transplant Surgery | Liver transplantation in MASLD management | |
| 7.4. Pharmacology | Drug treatments for MASLD | |
| 7.5. Vitamin E | Role of vitamin E in MASLD treatment | |
| 7.6. Glucose Metabolism Modulators | Medications affecting glucose metabolism | |
| 7.7. GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | GLP-1’s therapeutic potential in MASLD | |
| 7.8. THRβ | THRβ agonists in MASLD treatment | |
| 7.9. Lipogenesis Inhibitors | Targeting lipogenesis in MASLD | |
| 7.10. ACC, FASN, SCDI, DGAT Inhibitors and PUFA | Role of inhibitors in MASLD treatment | |
| 7.11. Bile Acid Metabolism Modulators | Bile acid’s impact on MASLD | |
| 7.12. Fibrogenesis Inhibitors | Inhibiting fibrogenesis in MASLD treatment | |
| 8. Conclusions | - | Summary of findings and future directions |