Table 1.

Descriptive analysis (* mean; ** median). TLC: transient loss of consciousness; CS: cardiological syncope; OH: orthostatic syncope; NMS: neuromediated syncope; US: unexplained syncope; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; diurnal BH: diurnal blood hypertension; nocturnal BH: nocturnal blood hypertension; EF: ejection fraction; IMT: intima–media thickness; eGFR: Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; HDL cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Variables	TLC Groups				p-Value
	CS (n = 9)	OH (n = 24)	NMS (n = 26)	US (n = 27)	US vs. CS	US vs. OH	US vs. NMS
Age	68.9 ± 16.0 *	57.2 ± 16.2 *	53.9 ± 13.7 *	62.5 ± 14.5 *	0.270	0.225	0.031
Sex (M/F)	5 (5.8%)/4 (4.7%)	11 (12.8%)/13 (15.1%)	12 (14.0%)/14 (16.3%)	13 (15.1%)/14 (16.3%)	0.700	0.869	0.884
Altered sleep quality (n/y)	4 (4.8%)/5 (6.0%)	8 (9.6%)/16 (19.3%)	5 (6.0%)/19 (22.9%)	6 (7.2%)/20 (24.1%)	0.221	0.420	0.848
Alcohol (n/y)	6 (7.1%)/3 (3.5%)	19 (22.4%)/5 (5.9%)	21 (24.7%)/4 (4.7%)	19 (22.4%)/8 (9.4%)	0.835	0.472	0.244
Smoke (n/y)	4 (4.7%)/5 (5.8%)	21 (24.4%)/3 (3.5%)	15 (17.4%)/11 (12.8%)	14 (16.3%)/13 (15.1%)	0.700	0.006	0.669
Exercise (n/y)	4 (4.8%)/5 (6.0%)	16 (19.0%)/8 (9.5%)	16 (19.0%)/9 (10.7%)	20 (23.8%)/6 (7.1%)	0.070	0.420	0.311
History of hypertension (n/y)	5 (5.8%)/4 (4.7%)	14 (16.3%)/10 (11.6%)	21 (24.4%)/5 (5.8%)	13 (15.1%)/14 (16.3%)	0.700	0.467	0.013
History of diabetes (n/y)	7 (8.1%)/2 (2.3%)	21 (24.4%)/3 (3.5%)	25 (29.1%)/1 (1.2%)	22 (25.6%)/5 (5.8%)	0.808	0.555	0.092
Cardiovascular diseases (n/y)	7 (8.1%)/2 (2.3%)	21 (24.4%)/3 (3.5%)	24 (27.9%)/2 (2.3%)	23 (26.7%)/4 (4.7%)	0.606	0.811	0.413
History of syncope (n/y)	4 (4.8%)/4 (4.8%)	9 (10.8%)/14 (16.9%)	6 (7.2%)/20 (24.1%)	9 (10.8%)/17 (20.5%)	0.434	0.744	0.358
Weight	70.0 ± 13.4 **	70.0 ± 20.2 **	65.5 ± 17.2 **	78.0 ± 12.5 **	0.241	0.91	0.029
Height	168 ± 9.3 **	165 ± 34.7 **	170 ± 9.7 **	167 ± 9.3 **	0.783	0.520	0.852
BMI	24.6 ± 2.9 **	25.7 ± 3.4 **	24.1 ± 4.6 **	26.7 ± 4.3 **	0.125	0.385	0.014
Waist	91.5 ± 8.0 **	94.5 ± 11.5 **	87.0 ± 16.3 **	98.0 ± 12.3 **	0.215	0.437	0.082
SBP	145 ± 12.1 *	134 ± 14.3 *	125 ± 13.5 *	129 ± 15.7 *	0.010	0.303	0.340
DBP	81.9 ± 10.5 *	77.9 ± 9.2 *	78.6 ± 8.7 *	77.2 ± 10.8 *	0.226	0.807	0.608
Orthostatic hypotension (n/Y)	7 (8.5%)/2 (2.4%)	18 (22.0%)/5 (6.1%)	24 (29.3%)/2 (2.4%)	20 (24.4%)/4 (4.9%)	0.712	0.659	0.329
Diurnal BH (n/y)	2 (2.4%)/7 (8.5%)	15 (18.3%)/8 (9.8%)	17 (20.7%)/8 (9.8%)	15 (18.3%)/10 (12.2%)	0.052	0.709	0.515
Nocturnal BH (n/y)	2 (2.4%)/7 (8.5%)	16 (19.5%)/7 (8.5%)	19 (23.2%)/6 (7.3%)	18 (22.0%)/7 (8.5%)	0.009	0.853	0.581
Circadian rhythm of blood pressure (normal/altered)	7 (8.8%)/2 (2.5%)	13 (16.3%)/9 (11.3%)	23 (28.7%)/2 (2.5%)	13 (16.3%)/11 (13.8)	0.216	0.736	0.003
Circadian rhythm of heart rate (normal/altered)	4 (6.3%)/2 (3.1%)	12 (18.8%)/5 (7.8%)	12 (18.8%)/6 (9.4%)	17 (26.6%)/6 (9.4%)	0.724	0.816	0.613
EF	60.0 ± 3.3 **	62.0 ± 3.1 **	65.0 ± 2.9 **	64.0 ± 4.0 **	0.027	0.495	0.551
Carotid plaques (n/y)	1 (1.2%)/8 (9.4%)	16 (18.8%)/8 (9.4%)	14 (16.5%)/11 (12.9%)	10 (11.8%)/17 (20.0%)	0.144	0.035	0.171
IMT	676 ± 128 **	595 ± 114 **	555 ± 134 **	648 ± 138 **	0.689	0.075	0.008
Hemoglobin	14.2 ± 1.5 **	14.2 ± 2.1 **	14.1 ± 1.6 **	14.0 ± 1.0 **	0.216	0.953	0.805
White blood cells	6.4 ± 2.3 **	6.0 v 1.6 **	6.1 ± 2.2 **	6.9 ± 1.8 **	0.576	0.070	0.252
Glycemia	91.0 ± 23.4 **	97.0 ± 13.2 **	88.0 ± 11.2 **	94.5 ± 16.6 **	1.000	0.638	0.161
eGFR	80.9 ± 18.4 *	91.3 ± 15.3 *	89.3 ± 19.3 *	83.6 ± 18.6 *	0.703	0.123	0.281
Total cholesterol	192 ± 32.1 *	193 ± 33.3 *	195 ± 33.3 *	201 ± 41.7 *	0.566	0.495	0.603
HDL cholesterol	47.0 ± 21.0 **	49.5 ± 12.1 **	53.5 ± 13.1 **	52.5 ± 20.5 **	0.865	0.627	0.389
LDL cholesterol	116 ± 22.6 *	127 ± 31.0 *	124 ± 37.2 *	127 ± 44.0 *	0.510	0.993	0.815
Triglycerides	89.5 ± 43.6 **	84.0 ± 53.6 **	76.0 ± 47.2 **	102.0 ± 65.2 **	0.834	0.856	0.510

In bold and underlined values that are statistically significant.