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. 2024 Feb 15;9(2):117. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9020117

Table 2.

Comparison of the estimation of the expected first hitting time and the theoretical upper bounds.

Algorithm z n 10 40 70 100 130 160 190 220 250 280
BSO-I N(0,1) 1+2πnak2πnεk 80.27 159.53 210.72 251.66 286.80 318.07 346.51 372.79 397.33 420.44
E(Tε|X0)^ 79.65 159.57 212.51 252.09 287.14 316.84 345.61 373.66 398.08 418.75
U12,12 1+26πnak26πnεk 275.59 550.17 727.49 869.32 991.04 1099.35 1197.90 1288.93 1373.94 1453.98
E(Tε|X0)^ 275.81 548.63 727.97 868.67 990.57 1102.96 1198.00 1288.83 1373.06 1455.95
U(1,1) 1+6πnak6πnεk 138.29 275.59 364.24 435.16 496.02 550.17 599.45 644.96 687.47 727.49
E(Tε|X0)^ 137.27 275.45 363.95 435.81 498.34 553.30 598.41 641.36 685.46 723.91
BSO-II N(0,1) 1+52πn4+2ak52π4n+2nεk 74.20 147.40 194.68 232.49 264.93 293.81 320.08 344.35 367.01 388.35
E(Tε|X0)^ 72.97 145.55 193.03 232.77 262.05 294.26 318.51 347.10 365.51 387.87
U12,12 1+106πn4+2ak106π4n+2nεk 254.58 508.16 671.91 802.89 915.30 1015.32 1106.33 1190.40 1268.90 1342.82
E(Tε|X0)^ 251.80 505.49 674.53 804.58 915.61 1014.22 1103.21 1190.82 1271.88 1342.12
U(1,1) 1+56πn4+2ak56π4n+2nεk 127.79 254.58 336.45 401.95 458.15 508.16 553.67 595.70 634.95 671.91
E(Tε|X0)^ 128.10 253.61 334.30 400.20 458.07 507.69 554.34 594.77 634.45 669.75

The points larger than the theoretical upper bounds are highlighted in boldface.