Table 1.

Potential bioactive antioxidant peptides from marine resources.

Source	Enzyme Used	Peptides (Amino Acid Sequence)	Mechanism of Action	In Vivo or In Vitro	Reference
Tuna eggs	-	Ile-Cys-Arg-Asp and Leu-Cys-Gly-Glu-Cys	Inhibition of DPPH radicals and activation of SOD and GSH-Px	in vivo	[21]
Boiled abalone by-products	-	Ala-Thr-Pro-Gly-Asp-Glu-Gly	Inhibition of ROS radicals	in vitro	[22]
Jellyfish collagen	Pepsin	-	Activation of total antioxidant activity	in vitro	[23]
Rhopilema esculentum	Pepsin	-	Activation of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px	in vivo	[24]
Salmon skin	-	-	Activation of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px	in vivo	[25]
Katsuwonus pelamis	-	TCP3, TCP6, and TCP9	Activation of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px	in vitro	[26]
Tilapia gelatin	-	Leu-Ser-Gly-Tyr-Gly-Pro	Scavenging free radicals	in vitro	[27]
Katsuwonus pelamis	-	-	Scavenging free radicals	in vitro	[28]
Monkfish	Trypsin	Glu-Trp-Pro-Ala-Gln, Phe-Leu-His-Arg-Pro, and Leu-Met-Gly-Gln-Trp	Inhibition of DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals; activation of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px	in vitro	[29]
Macroalga P. palmata	Corolase PP	Ser-Asp-Ile-Thr-Arg-Pro-Gly-Gly-Asn-Met	Activation of oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) and iron reduction antioxidant capacity (FRAP)	in vitro	[30]
Thunnus obesus	Alcalase, α-chymotrypsin, neutrase, papain, pepsin, and trypsin	H-Leu-Asn-Leu-Pro-Thr-Ala-Val-Tyr-Met-Val-Thr-OH	Inhibition of DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, and alkyl radicals	in vitro	[31]
Magalaspis cordyla	Pepsin/trypsin, and α-chymotrypsin	Asn-His-Arg-Tyr-Asp-Arg	Inhibition of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals	in vitro	[32]
Otolithes ruber	pepsin/trypsin and α-chymotrypsin	Gly-Asn-Arg-Gly-Phe-Ala-Cys-Arg-His-Ala	Inhibition of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals	in vitro	[32]
Hypoptychus dybowskii	Alcalase, neutrase, α-chymotrypsin, papain, pepsin, and trypsin	Ile–Val–Gly–Gly–Phe–Pro–His–Tyr–Leu	Inhibition of DPPH radicals	in vitro	[33]
Oreochromis niloticus	Alcalase, pronase E, pepsin, and trypsin	Asp-Pro-Ala-Leu-Ala-Thr-Glu-Pro-Asp-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe	Inhibition of DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals	in vitro	[34]
Decapterus maruadsi	Alcalase, neutral protease, papain, pepsin, and trypsin	His-Asp-His-Pro-Val-Cys and His-Glu-Lys-Val-Cys	Inhibition of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals	in vitro	[35]
Johnius belengerii	Trypsin, R-chymotrypsin, and pepsin	His-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Leu	Inhibition of DPPH radicals	in vitro	[36]
Paralichthys olivaceus	Papain, pepsin, trypsin, neutrase, alcalase, kojizyme, protamex, and α-chymotrypsin	Val-Cys-Ser-Val and Cys-Ala-Ala-Pro	Inhibition of DPPH radicals	in vitro	[37]