Table 3.

Potential skin-protective bioactive peptides from marine resources.

Source	Functional Product	Processing Method	Cosmeceutical Function	Reference
Salmon skin	Collagen peptides	Water, protease	Wound healing	[124]
Fish scales	Collagen peptides	Hot water, enzymatic	Improving skin elasticity	[125]
Codfish skin	Collagen polypeptides	Water, pepsin, and alkaline protease	Moisturizer, antioxidant	[126]
Pacific whiting skin	Hydrolysate gelatin	Hot water	Anti-photoaging, delayed skin wrinkling	[71]
Pacific cod skin	Gelatin and polypeptides	Hot water extraction, pepsin, and alkaline protease hydrolysis	Melanogenesis inhibition	[127]
Olive flounder and Alaska pollock skins	Fish skin hydrolysates	Enzymatic hydrolysis (pepsin, alcalase, protemax)	Minimizing ROS levels, enhancing the viability of UVB-irradiated HaCat cells and human dermal fibroblasts	[128]
Scales of Tilapia zillii	Polypeptides	Pepsin	Increasing skin hydration and decreasing epidermal hyperplasia	[123]