Table 2.
Concentrations of pesticides and PCBs in fat samples of different animals and processed fat sampled during the period 2015–2022.
| Compound | Concentration ± SD (µg/kg) (Number of Results above the LOQ) Range (Min–Max) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beef Fat N = 425 |
Pork Fat N = 439 |
Goat Fat N = 16 |
Sheep Fat N = 52 |
Poultry Fat N = 194 |
Game Fat N = 9 |
Horse Fat N = 30 |
Rabitt Fat N = 8 |
Processed Fat N = 111 |
|
| Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) | |||||||||
| Aldrin | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 14.6 ± 0.65 (2) 13.9–15.2 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Chlorobenzilate | 3.80 ± 2.16 (6) 1.2–6.6 |
3.1 (1) | <LOQ | 5.2 (1) | 1.07 ± 0.04 (3) 1.0–1.1 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 5.6 (1) |
| DDE-p,p′ | 2.97 ± 2.43 (136) 1.0–19.4 |
2.0 ± 1.05 (24) 1.0–4.5 |
9.90 ± 13.2 (8) 0.5–43.1 |
4.50 ± 3.70 (26) 1.0–14.5 |
2.44 ± 1.29 (21) 1.1–5.3 |
5.60 ± 3.13 (6) 1.2–11.3 |
22.9 ± 29.9 (3) 2.0–65.2 |
3.37 ± 0.49 (3) 2.8–4.0 |
1.72 ± 0.65 (6) 1.1–3.0 |
| DDD-p,p′ | 1.97 ± 0.78 (3) 1.0–2.9 |
1.7 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | 2.0 (1) | 1.6 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| DDT-o,p′ | 1.85 ± 0.68 (12) 1.0–3.2 |
1.34 ± 0.24 (7) 1.0–1.8 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | 2.10 ± 0.61 (4) 1.2–2.9 |
2.4 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | 1.80 ± 0.99 (3) 1.0–3.2 |
| DDT-p,p′ | 1.92 ± 1.36 (7) 1.0–2.6 |
1.71 ± 0.52 (7) 1.1–2.6 |
11.6 (1) | 2.1 (1) | 13.3 ± 16.6 (3) 1.1–36.8 |
1.5 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| ∑DDT | 3.14 ± 2.76 (141) 1.0–19.4 |
2.25 ± 1.21 (32) 1.0–4.5 |
11.4 ± 12.8 (8) 0.5–43.1 |
4.58 ± 3.71 (26) 1.0–14.5 |
4.67 ± 9.15 (22) 1.1–44.9 |
6.52 ± 3.84 (6) 1.2–11.3 |
22.9 ± 29.9 (3) 2.0–65.2 |
3.37 ± 0.49 (3) 2.8–4.0 |
1.70 ± 0.76 (6) 1.0–3.2 |
| Dieldrin | <LOQ | 3.13 ± 0.81 (6) 1.5–4.0 |
<LOQ | 3.87 ± 0.21 (3) 3.6–4.1 |
2.65 ± 1.35 (2) 1.3–4.0 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Endosulfan | 2.35 ± 0.05 (2) 2.3–2.4 |
1.1 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | 1.17 ± 0.05 (3) 1.1–1.2 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Endrin | 1.6 (1) | 7.5 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| HCH, alpha- | 1.53± 0.37 (3) 1.1–2.0 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| HCH, beta- | 3.05 ± 0.45 (2) 2.6–3.5 |
<LOQ | 2.2 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| HCH, gamma-/Lindan | 1.17 ± 0.37 (3) 0.7–1.6 |
2.05 ± 0.85 (2) 1.2–2.9 |
<LOQ | 1.5 (1) | 3.10 ± 1.40 (2) 1.7–4.5 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Heptachlor | 5.9 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Hexachlorobenzene | 1.99 ± 1.11 (139) 1.0–8.25 |
1.39 ± 0.23 (20) 1.0–1.9 |
3.48 ±2.00 (6) 1.3–7.2 |
3.47 ± 2.43 (29) 1.2–10.7 |
1.83 ± 1.52 (16) 0.8–6.2 |
2.80 ± 1.06 (4) 1.0–3.6 |
1.89 ± 0.80 (15) 1.1–4.3 |
<LOQ | 3.66 ± 3.90 (5) 1.5–11.4 |
| Methoxychlor | 1.2 (1) | 1.2 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) | |||||||||
| Bromophos-ethyl | 1.2 (1) | 1.30 ± 0.29 (5) 1.0–1.7 |
<LOQ | 1.8 (1) | 1.0 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Chlorfenvinphos | 2.60 ± 1.40 (2) 1.0–1.5 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Chlorpyrifos | 1.23 ± 0.20 (3) 1.2–4.0 |
16.9 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | 1.2 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Chlorpyrifos-methyl | 1.2 (1) | 1.5 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Diazinon | 5.30 ± 2.9 (2) 2.4–8.2 |
1.90 ± 0.2 (2) 1.7–2.1 |
<LOQ | 14.2 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Ethion | <LOQ | 1.1 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Fenchlorphos | <LOQ | 1.3 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Pirimiphos-methyl | 1.5 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Pyrethroids and carbamates (P and C) | |||||||||
| Allethrin | 41.9 ± 27.6 (5) 7.4–74.1 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 39.1 ± 21.9 (2) 17.2–60.9 |
<LOQ | 1.9 (1) | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Bifenthrin * | 1.9 (1) | 1.2 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Carbofuran | <LOQ | 13.3 (1) | 6.3 (1) | 3.68 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Cyfluthrin * | <LOQ | 39.3 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Fenpropathrin | 3.67 ± 2.32 (7) 1.9–9.1 |
4.43 ± 3.02 (3) 2.2–8.7 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Permethrin * | <LOQ | 5.25 ± 1.45 (2) 3.8–6.7 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| Resmethrin * | 70.8 ± 5.15 (2) 65.6–75.9 |
54.3 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | 121.9 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | 43.8 (1) | 165.7 (1) |
| Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) |
|||||||||
| PCB-28 | 0.93 ± 0.37 (8) 0.5–1.7 |
0.57 ± 0.09 (3) 0.5–0.7 |
1.0 (1) | <LOQ | 15.8 ± 14.9 (4) 1.0–32.6 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.7 (1) |
| PCB-52 | 1.09 ± 0.83 (11) 0.5–2.7 |
0.73 ± 0.14 (6) 0.5–0.9 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | 0.5 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | 1.2 (1) | <LOD |
| PCB-101 | 1.91 ± 1.06 (7) 0.6–3.8 |
0.83 ± 0.15 (3) 0.6–1.0 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | 1.0 (1) | 1.2 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| PCB-118 | 2.29 ± 1.06 (9) 0.8–10.9 |
1.00 ± 0.37 (3) 0.5–1.4 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOD |
| PCB-138 | 1.78 ± 0.49 (11) 1.3–2.3 |
2.50 ± 1.74 (5) 0.8–5.7 |
<LOQ | <LOQ | 1.63 ± 0.80 (4) 0.8–2.9 |
<LOQ | 2.35 ± 1.31 (5) 1.2–4.5 |
<LOQ | 1.15 ± 0.15 (2) 1.0–1.3 |
| PCB-153 | 1.34 ± 0.89 (29) 0.5–3.7 |
1.59 ± 1.33 (10) 0.6–4.9 |
0.9 (1) | 0.90 ± 0.30 (5) 0.6–1.4 |
1.38 ± 0.81 (6) 0.5–2.9 |
0.9 (1) | 1.0 ± 0.46 (5) 0.6–1.7 |
<LOQ | 1.4 (1) |
| PCB-180 | 2.61 ± 1.25 (7) 1.1–4.6 |
1.63 ± 1.10 (4) 0.5–3.4 |
1.5 (1) | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 1.5 (1) | <LOQ | <LOD |
| ∑PCB | 2.93 ± 4.09 (47) 0.5–26.2 |
2.20 ± 3.07 (23) 0.5–14.0 |
3.4 (1) 0.9–1.5 |
0.90 ± 0.30 (5) 0.6–1.4 |
5.27 ± 9.79 (16) 0.5–32.6 |
2.1 (1) 0.9–1.2 |
2.27 ± 1.43 (7) 0.6–4.5 |
<LOQ | 1.0 ± 0.24 (3) 0.7–1.3 |
| Total no of detected results | 424 | 127 | 19 | 69 | 78 | 16 | 30 | 5 | 19 |
| Total no of OCP | 317 | 73 | 16 | 61 | 57 | 14 | 18 | 3 | 15 |
| Total no of OPP | 10 | 11 | 2 | 2 | |||||
| Total no of P and C | 15 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total no of PCBs | 82 | 34 | 3 | 5 | 16 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 4 |
* Reported as the sum of isomers.