Table 8.
Age-standardized (Italian population) food groups intake (EPIC questionnaire): meat, eggs, milk mean by sex, age classes, geographical area and educational level. Men and women residing in Italy aged 35–74 years, Health Examination Survey 2018–2019—CUORE Project.
| Men | Women | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meat (g/day) | ||||||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p-value |
N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p-value |
|||
| All | 793 | 94.5 | 57.7 | 90.5 | 98.6 | 785 | 80.4 | 50.1 | 76.9 | 83.9 | ||
| Age classes (years) | ||||||||||||
| 35–44 | 196 | 104.2 | 57.7 | 96.2 | 112.3 | <0.0001 | 191 | 88.7 | 53.7 | 81.1 | 96.3 | <0.0001 |
| 45–54 | 204 | 100.4 | 57.9 | 92.4 | 108.3 | 216 | 87.7 | 51.2 | 80.9 | 94.6 | ||
| 55–64 | 219 | 91.7 | 57.9 | 84.0 | 99.3 | 214 | 70.6 | 46.3 | 64.4 | 76.8 | ||
| 65–74 | 174 | 74.7 | 52.5 | 66.9 | 82.5 | 164 | 71.5 | 45.0 | 64.6 | 78.4 | ||
| Italian Area | ||||||||||||
| North | 357 | 93.9 | 57.5 | 88.0 | 99.9 | 0.7367 | 359 | 80.7 | 52.5 | 75.3 | 86.1 | 0.7367 |
| Centre | 180 | 94.4 | 55.4 | 86.3 | 102.4 | 184 | 83.8 | 48.8 | 76.7 | 90.8 | ||
| South | 256 | 95.5 | 59.8 | 88.2 | 102.8 | 242 | 77.5 | 47.6 | 71.6 | 83.5 | ||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary and middle school | 201 | 99.5 | 58.5 | 91.4 | 107.6 | 0.6666 | 209 | 79.4 | 51.7 | 72.4 | 86.4 | 0.6666 |
| High school and university | 591 | 92.9 | 57.5 | 88.3 | 97.5 | 575 | 80.8 | 49.6 | 76.7 | 84.8 | ||
| Eggs (g/day) | ||||||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p-value |
N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p-value |
|||
| All | 793 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 11.6 | 785 | 10.1 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 10.7 | ||
| Age classes (years) | ||||||||||||
| 35–44 | 196 | 11.2 | 10.0 | 9.8 | 12.6 | 0.1783 | 191 | 10.6 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 11.9 | 0.1783 |
| 45–54 | 204 | 11.4 | 11.6 | 9.8 | 13.0 | 216 | 10.2 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 11.2 | ||
| 55–64 | 219 | 10.9 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 12.2 | 214 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 8.7 | 11.2 | ||
| 65–74 | 174 | 9.6 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 10.7 | 164 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 10.6 | ||
| Italian Area | ||||||||||||
| North | 357 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 11.5 | 0.9016 | 359 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 11.7 | 0.9016 |
| Centre | 180 | 10.8 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 12.2 | 184 | 10.0 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 11.2 | ||
| South | 256 | 11.6 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 12.8 | 242 | 9.2 | 6.9 | 8.3 | 10.1 | ||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary and middle school | 201 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 9.9 | 13.2 | 0.6666 | 209 | 9.4 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 10.5 | 0.6666 |
| High school and university | 591 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 11.5 | 575 | 10.3 | 8.6 | 9.6 | 11.0 | ||
| Milk (ml/day) | ||||||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p-value |
N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p-value |
|||
| All | 793 | 80.9 | 110.4 | 73.2 | 88.5 | 785 | 99.8 | 117.2 | 91.6 | 108.0 | ||
| Age classes (years) | ||||||||||||
| 35–44 | 196 | 71.3 | 99.3 | 57.4 | 85.2 | 0.6325 | 191 | 110.4 | 117.6 | 93.8 | 127.1 | 0.6325 |
| 45–54 | 204 | 73.0 | 105.5 | 58.5 | 87.5 | 216 | 108.0 | 126.0 | 91.2 | 124.8 | ||
| 55–64 | 219 | 86.2 | 115.5 | 70.9 | 101.5 | 214 | 85.5 | 109.9 | 70.8 | 100.2 | ||
| 65–74 | 174 | 100.2 | 123.6 | 81.8 | 118.5 | 164 | 93.0 | 109.5 | 76.3 | 109.8 | ||
| Italian Area | ||||||||||||
| North | 357 | 81.8 | 110.4 | 70.4 | 93.2 | 0.4855 | 359 | 92.6 | 113.0 | 80.9 | 104.3 | 0.4855 |
| Centre | 180 | 80.3 | 102.5 | 65.4 | 95.3 | 184 | 108.4 | 117.0 | 91.5 | 125.3 | ||
| South | 256 | 79.9 | 116.2 | 65.6 | 94.1 | 242 | 103.9 | 123.2 | 88.4 | 119.4 | ||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary and middle school | 201 | 78.8 | 105.6 | 64.2 | 93.4 | 0.9280 | 209 | 101.0 | 120.5 | 84.7 | 117.3 | 0.9280 |
| High school and university | 591 | 81.5 | 112.2 | 72.4 | 90.5 | 575 | 99.5 | 116.2 | 90.0 | 109.0 | ||
For meats intake, the following foods were considered: beef, veal, pork, horse, chicken, turkey, rabbit (domestic). Dietary information was collected by the self-administered Italian version of the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC). SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval. Means and standard deviations were age standardized by Italian National Institute of Statistics—ISTAT Italian population 2019 (except when they are reported by age-classes). ANOVA to compare mean values among classes. The pool was made of the following Italian regions: Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily. Italian Area: North (Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria, Emilia Romagna); Centre (Tuscany, Lazio); South (Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily).