Table 9.
Age-standardized (Italian population) nutrients intake (EPIC questionnaire): proteins (total, animal and vegetable) mean by sex, age classes, geographical area and educational level. Men and women residing in Italy aged 35–74 years, Health Examination Survey 2018–2019—CUORE Project.
| Men | Women | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proteins Tot (% Total Kcal) | ||||||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p -value |
N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p -value |
|||
| All | 793 | 15.5 | 3.1 | 15.3 | 15.7 | 785 | 16.0 | 3.6 | 15.8 | 16.3 | ||
| Age classes (years) | ||||||||||||
| 35–44 | 196 | 15.8 | 2.6 | 15.5 | 16.2 | 0.9283 | 191 | 15.6 | 2.7 | 15.2 | 16.0 | 0.9283 |
| 45–54 | 204 | 15.3 | 2.7 | 15.0 | 15.7 | 216 | 16.2 | 3.7 | 15.7 | 16.7 | ||
| 55–64 | 219 | 15.5 | 3.0 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 214 | 15.9 | 3.8 | 15.4 | 16.4 | ||
| 65–74 | 174 | 15.3 | 4.3 | 14.6 | 15.9 | 164 | 16.5 | 4.0 | 15.9 | 17.1 | ||
| Italian Area | ||||||||||||
| North | 357 | 15.3 | 2.6 | 15.0 | 15.6 | 0.0975 | 359 | 15.9 | 3.3 | 15.6 | 16.2 | 0.0975 |
| Centre | 180 | 15.5 | 2.5 | 15.1 | 15.8 | 184 | 16.0 | 3.9 | 15.4 | 16.6 | ||
| South | 256 | 15.8 | 3.9 | 15.3 | 16.2 | 242 | 16.3 | 3.8 | 15.8 | 16.8 | ||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary and middle school | 201 | 15.3 | 2.8 | 14.9 | 15.7 | 0.8686 | 209 | 16.2 | 3.4 | 15.8 | 16.7 | 0.8686 |
| High school and university | 591 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 15.3 | 15.8 | 575 | 16.0 | 3.7 | 15.7 | 16.3 | ||
| Animal proteins (% total Kcal) | ||||||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p -value |
N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p -value |
|||
| All | 793 | 10.4 | 3.6 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 785 | 10.8 | 4.1 | 10.5 | 11.1 | ||
| Age classes (years) | ||||||||||||
| 35–44 | 196 | 10.9 | 3.0 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 0.6278 | 191 | 10.6 | 3.1 | 10.1 | 11.0 | 0.6278 |
| 45–54 | 204 | 10.3 | 3.3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 216 | 11.0 | 4.3 | 10.5 | 11.6 | ||
| 55–64 | 219 | 10.2 | 3.5 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 214 | 10.6 | 4.4 | 10.1 | 11.2 | ||
| 65–74 | 174 | 9.9 | 5.0 | 9.2 | 10.7 | 164 | 11.1 | 4.6 | 10.4 | 11.8 | ||
| Italian Area | ||||||||||||
| North | 357 | 10.3 | 3.2 | 9.9 | 10.6 | 0.2704 | 359 | 10.8 | 3.8 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 0.2704 |
| Centre | 180 | 10.1 | 3.1 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 184 | 10.7 | 4.5 | 10.0 | 11.3 | ||
| South | 256 | 10.7 | 4.5 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 242 | 11.0 | 4.2 | 10.4 | 11.5 | ||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary and middle school | 201 | 10.3 | 3.2 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 0.3210 | 209 | 11.2 | 3.8 | 10.7 | 11.7 | 0.3210 |
| High school and university | 591 | 10.4 | 3.8 | 10.1 | 10.7 | 575 | 10.7 | 4.2 | 10.4 | 11.1 | ||
| Vegetable proteins (% total Kcal) | ||||||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p -value |
N | Mean | SD | CI 95% |
ANOVA
p -value |
|||
| All | 793 | 5.1 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 785 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 5.3 | ||
| Age classes (years) | ||||||||||||
| 35–44 | 196 | 5.0 | 1.1 | 4.8 | 5.1 | <0.0001 | 191 | 5.1 | 1.1 | 4.9 | 5.2 | <0.0001 |
| 45–54 | 204 | 5.0 | 1.1 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 216 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 5.0 | 5.3 | ||
| 55–64 | 219 | 5.3 | 1.2 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 214 | 5.3 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 5.5 | ||
| 65–74 | 174 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 164 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 5.2 | 5.6 | ||
| Italian Area | ||||||||||||
| North | 357 | 5.0 | 1.1 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 0.0011 | 359 | 5.1 | 1.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 0.0011 |
| Centre | 180 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 184 | 5.3 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 5.5 | ||
| South | 256 | 5.1 | 1.3 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 242 | 5.3 | 1.3 | 5.2 | 5.5 | ||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary and middle school | 201 | 5.0 | 1.1 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 0.0060 | 209 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 0.0060 |
| High school and university | 591 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 575 | 5.3 | 1.2 | 5.2 | 5.4 | ||
Dietary information was collected by the self-administered Italian version of the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC). SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval. Means and standard deviations were age standardized by Italian National Institute of Statistics—ISTAT Italian population 2019 (except when they are reported by age-classes). ANOVA to compare mean values among classes. The pool was made of the following Italian regions: Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily. Italian Area: North (Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria, Emilia Romagna); Centre (Tuscany, Lazio); South (Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily).