Table 2.
Characteristics of Interviews and Focus Groups of Included Articles.
| Study Method | Interview Only N = 65(%) |
Focus Group Only N = 18 (%) |
Both Interview and Focus Group N = 17(%) |
Subtotals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Face-to-Face | 31 (48) | 15 (83) | 8 (47) | 54 |
| Telephone or virtual | 8 (12) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 9 |
| Combination: Face-to-face and telephone or virtual | 17 (26) | 0 (0) | 3 (18) | 20 |
| Unreported | 9 (14) | 3 (17) | 5 (29) | 17 |
Note.
- Studies that used both interviews and focus groups as methods appeared to do so with separate samples of participants. That is, these were not repeated engagements with the same participants.
- We found only one study that involved participant observation in addition to single encounter semi-structured interviews.
- These studies were conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced much of qualitative research to be conducted via telephone or virtual platforms.