Table 1:
Summary of the socio-demographic characteristics and clinical parameters, univariate predictors of mortality and multivariate adjusted analysis
| Variable | Alive (633) |
Dead (331) |
Total (n=964) |
p- value |
Unadju sted |
Adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio- demographic |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | OR (95% C.I) |
p- value |
OR (95% CI) |
p- value |
|
| Age(years): mean (Sd) | ||||||||
| <55 | 343(54.2) | 162(48.9) | 505(52.4) | 0.122 | ref | |||
| >=55 | 290(45.8) | 169(51.1) | 459(47.6) | 1.23(0.95-1.61) | 0.122 | 1.10(0.79-1.53) | 0.559 | |
| Domicile | ||||||||
| Rural | 45(7.1) | 33(10.0) | 78(8.1) | 0.221 | ref | |||
| Semi-urban | 183(29.1) | 85(25.8) | 268(27.9) | 0.63(0.38-1.06) | 0.084 | |||
| Urban | 402(63.8) | 212(64.2) | 614(63.9) | 0.72(0.45-1.16) | 0.177 | |||
| Monthly income | ||||||||
| <=100 USD | 276(43.8) | 154(46.5) | 430(44.8) | 0.421 | ref | |||
| >100 USD | 354(56.2) | 177(53.5) | 531(55.3) | 0.89(0.69-1.17) | 0.421 | |||
| Education | ||||||||
| None | 70(11.1) | 58(17.6) | 128(13.3) | 0.05 | ref | 0.666 | ||
| Some | 561(88.9) | 272(82.4) | 833(86.7) | 0.58(0.40-0.85) | 0.005* | 0.79(0.27-2.31) | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 391(61.8) | 199(60.1) | 590(61.2) | 0.618 | 0.93(0.71-1.23) | 0.618 | ||
| Female | 242(38.2) | 132(39.9) | 374(38.8) | ref | ||||
| Clinical | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 615(97.6) | 326(99.4) | 941(98.2) | 0.049 | 3.98(0.90-17.49) | 0.068 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 490(77.8) | 258(78.4) | 748(78.0) | 0.82 | 1.04(0.75-1.43) | 0.82 | ||
| Cardiac disease | 45(7.1) | 17(5.2) | 62(6.48) | 0.247 | 0.71(0.40-1.27) | 0.248 | ||
| Seizure at admission | 27(4.6) | 37(12.4) | 64(7.2) | <0.001 | 2.97(1.77-4.97) | <0.001* | 1.17 (0.31 - 4.46) | 0.82 |
| Aspiration pneumonia | 70(11.8) | 144(47.7) | 214(23.9) | <0.001 | 6.82(4.87-9.55) | <0.001* | 7.17(2.82-18.24) | <0.001* |
| Pyrexia(malaria) | 231(36.5) | 121(36.6) | 352(36.5) | 0.884 | 1.01(0.77-1.34) | 0.938 | ||
| Neuroimaging characteristics ICH volume | ||||||||
| <30 | 386(73.1) | 121(36.6) | 546(67.7) | <0.001 | ref | ref | ||
| >=30 | 142(26.9) | 118(42.5) | 260(32.3) | 2.00(1.48-2.72) | <0.001* | 2.68(1.02-7.00) | 0.044 | |
| Location of lesion | ||||||||
| Deep/non-lobar | 455(77.0) | 261(82.1) | 716(78.8) | 0.074 | ref | |||
| Lobar | 136(23.0) | 57(17.9) | 193(21.2) | 0.73(0.52-1.03) | 0.074 | |||
| Internal capsule | 77(12.2) | 30(9.1) | 107(11.1) | 0.146 | 0.72(0.46-1.12) | 0.147 | ||
| Brainstem(medulla) | 1(0.2) | 0(0.0) | 1(0.10) | 0.469 | ||||
| Cerebellar | 31(4.9) | 0(0.0) | 45(4.7) | 0.641 | 0.86(0.45-1.64) | 0.641 | ||
| GCS score | ||||||||
| 14-15 | 67(52.8) | 13(17.8) | 80(40.0) | <0.001 | Ref | |||
| 9-13 | 38(29.9) | 13(17.8) | 60(30.0) | 3.0(1.35-6.59) | 0.007 | |||
| <=8 | 22(17.3) | 38.52.1 | 60(30.0) | 8.90(4.03-19.67) | <0.001* | |||
| Intraventricular hemorrhage IVH+ Hydrocephalus | 182(34.5) | 155(55.8) | 337(41.8) | <0.001 | 2.4(1.78-3.22) | <0.001* | 0.79(0.35-1.78) | 0.557 |
| Lateral ventricle size(mm) | ||||||||
| 0-5 | 106(86.2) | 83(74.8) | 189(80.8) | 0.086 | ||||
| 6-10 | 13(10.6) | 83(74.8) | 35(15.0) | |||||
| >10 | 4(3.3) | 6(5.4) | 10(4.3) | |||||
| 3rd ventricle size(mm) | ||||||||
| 0-5 | 63(100.0) | 75(97.4) | 138(98.6) | 0.198 | ||||
| 6-10 | 0(0.0) | 2(2.6) | 2(1.4) | |||||
| >10 | ||||||||
| 4th ventricle | ||||||||
| 0-5 | 46(100) | 56(100.0) | 102(100.0) | |||||
| 6-10 | ||||||||
| >10 | ||||||||
| IVH without hydrocephalus | ||||||||
| Infratentorial origin | 52(9.9) | 33(11.8) | 85(10.6) | 0.374 | 1.23(0.78-1.96) | 0.375 | ||
| Other variables and lab parameters MNIHSS score | ||||||||
| Not severe (<=15) | 354(62.2) | 50(17.7) | 404(47.4) | <0.001 | ref | ref | ||
| Severe (>15) | 215(37.8) | 233(82.3) | 448(52.6) | 5.1(3.71-7.01) | <0.001* | 1.06(1.02-1.11) | 0.007 | |
| SLS total score: mean (Sd) | 6.48(4.29) | 3.32(3.09) | 5.41(4.19) | <0.001 | ||||
| 0-5 (severe) | 275(44.4) | 256(80.3) | 531(56.6) | 15.01(7.20-31.28) | <0.001* | |||
| 6-10 (moderate) | 216(34.8) | 55(17.2) | 531(56.6) | 4.11(1.90-8.90) | <0.001* | |||
| 11-15(mild) | 129(20.8) | 8(2.5) | 531(56.6) | Ref | ||||
| Systolic BP | 165.81(31.43) | 176.82(33.29) | 169.59(32.49) | <0.001 | ||||
| <140 | 136(21.5) | 44(13.1) | 180(18.7) | 0.002 | ref | |||
| >=140 | 497(78.5) | 287(86.7) | 784(81.3) | 1.78(1.23-2.58) | 0.002 | 2.58(0.68-9.81) | 0.163 | |
| Diastolic BP | 100.73(18.41) | 106.0(20.8) | 102.5(19.4) | 0.0001 | ||||
| <90 | 158(25.0) | 64(19.3) | 222(23.0) | 0.049 | ref | |||
| >=90 | 475(75.0) | 267(80.7) | 742(77.0) | 1.39(1.00-1.92) | 0.049 | 0.82(0.26-2.61) | 0.737 | |
| BMI | ||||||||
| <30 | 414(80.5) | 209(81.9) | 623(81.0) | 0.637 | ref | |||
| >=30 | 100(19.5) | 46(18.0) | 146(18.9) | 0.91(0.62-1.34) | 0.637 | |||
| Waist-hip-ratio | ||||||||
| <0.9 | 182(30.8) | 86(27.6) | 268(29.7) | 0.592 | ref | |||
| 0.91-0.96 | 209(35.4) | 114(36.5) | 323(35.8) | 1.15(0.82-1.63) | 0.413 | |||
| >=0.97 | 200(33.8) | 112(35.9) | 312(34.6) | 1.19(0.84-1.67) | 0.335 | |||
| Random blood sugar eGFR (mls/min) | 7.73(3.45) | 8.62(3.20) | 7.99(3.39) | 0.006 | 1.08(1.02-1.14) | 0.01 | 1.08(0.97-1.21) | 0.154 |
| <60 | 132(31.0) | 90(40.5) | 222(34.3) | 0.002 | 2.07(1.36-3.16) | 0.001 | 2.20(0.81-5.95) | 0.12 |
| 60-90 | 148(34.7) | 84(37.8) | 232(35.8) | 1.73(1.13-2.63) | 0.011 | 1.47(0.55-3.97) | 0.446 | |
| >90 | 146(34.3) | 48(21.6) | 194(29.9) | ref | ||||
| Low HDL(<0.78m mol/L) | 165(29.7) | 91(31.4) | 256(30.3) | 0.62 | 1.08(0.79-1.47) | 0.62 | ||
| High LDL (>=4.53mmol/L) | 228(41.2) | 117(40.5) | 345(41.0) | 0.835 | 0.97(0.73-1.29) | 0.835 | ||
| LDL/LDL ratio | ||||||||
| <=2 | 205(37.4) | 93(32.3) | 298(35.7) | 0.313 | ref | |||
| 2.01-2.96 | 161(29.4) | 88(30.6) | 249(29.8) | 1.2(0.84-1.72) | 0.306 | |||
| >=2.97 | 182(33.2) | 107(37.2) | 289(34.6) | 1.29(0.92-1.82) | 0.138 | |||
| High total cholesterol (>=6.5mmol/L) | 246(43.9) | 133(45.9) | 379(44.5) | 0.576 | 1.08(0.82-1.44) | 0.576 | ||
| High triglyceride (>=1.73mmol/L | 131(23.4) | 78(26.9) | 209(24.6) | 0.261 | 1.2(0.87-1.67) | 0.261 | ||
| Etiology of ICH | ||||||||
| Macrovascular (AVM,Aneurysm) | 44(7.0) | 21(6.3) | 65(6.7) | 0.721 | 0.91(0.53-1.55) | 0.721 | ||
| Anticoagulant use | 5(0.8) | 3(0.9) | 8(0.3) | 0.85 | 1.15(0.27-4.84) | 0.85 | ||
| Cerebral amyloid angiopathy | 11(1.7) | 8(2.4) | 19(2.0) | 0.471 | 1.40(0.56-3.52) | 0.473 | ||
| Systemic diseases | 20(3.16) | 6(1.8) | 26(2.7) | 0.22 | 0.57(0.23-1.42) | 0.226 | ||
| Hypertensive arteriopathy | 459(72.5) | 235(71.0) | 694(72.0) | 0.619 | 0.93(0.69-1.25) | 0.619 | ||
| Time of onset to admission(days) | ||||||||
| 1-3 | 451(77.4) | 257(84.3) | 708(9.3) | 0.05 | Ref | |||
| 4-7 | 93(16.0) | 35(11.5) | 128(14.4) | 0.66(0.43-1.00) | 0.052 | |||
| >7 | 39(6.7) | 13(4.3) | 52(5.9) | 0.58(0.31-1.12) | 0.104 | |||
| Duration of admission | ||||||||
| <10 | 232(45.4) | 189(65.6) | 421(53.0) | 0.001 | Ref | |||
| 10-20 | 185(36.2) | 55(19.1) | 240(30.0) | 0.36(0.26-0.52) | <0.001* | 0.55(0.23-1.33) | 0.185 | |
| >20 | 94(18.40) | 44(15.3) | 138(17.3) | 0.57(0.38-0.86) | 0.008 | 0.55(0.16-1.90) | 0.346 | |
| Lifestyle | ||||||||
| Tobacco use | ||||||||
| Never | 570(90.8) | 296(90.2) | 866(90.6) | 0.794 | Ref | |||
| Ever | 58(9.2) | 32(9.8) | 90(9.4) | 1.06(0.67-1.67) | 0.794 | |||
| Alcohol use | ||||||||
| Never | 393(62.6) | 205(62.7) | 598(62.6) | 0.973 | ref | |||
| Current/former | 235(37.4) | 122(37.3) | 357(37.4) | 0.99(0.75-1.31) | 0.973 | |||
| Leafy vegetables consumption | 436(72.9) | 182(61.4) | 618(68.4) | <0.001 | 0.55(0.41-0.74) | <0.001* | 0.36(0.15-0.85) | 0.02 |
| Legume’s consumption | 424(70.1) | 186(61.4) | 610(67.2) | 0.008 | 0.68(0.51-0.91) | 0.009* | 0.96(0.40-2.30) | 0.925 |
| Grains consumption | 527(86.9) | 260(84.7) | 787(86.2) | 0.347 | 0.83(0.56-1.23) | 0.347 | ||
| Sugar consumption | 160(27.2) | 111(36.4) | 271(30.4) | 0.005 | 1.53(1.1 4-2.06) | 0.005* | 1.72(0.63-4.70) | 0.289 |
| Fish consumption | 572(94.4) | 284(92.8) | 856(93.9) | 0.34 8 | 0.77(0.44-1.34) | 0.349 | ||
| Meat consumption | 524(86.3) | 277(89.6) | 801(87.5) | 0.152 | 1.37(0.89-2.11) | 0.153 | ||
| Added salt at the table | ||||||||
| Not often | 561(90.8) | 286(89.9) | 847(90.5) | 0.678 | ref | |||
| Very often | 57(9.2) | 32(10.1) | 89(9.5) | 1.37(0.89-2.11) | 0.678 |