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. 2024 Feb 8;25(4):2098. doi: 10.3390/ijms25042098

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Illustrates the regulatory impact of eugenol on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways. Platelets were preincubated with either 0.1% DMSO or eugenol (2 and 4 µM) and subsequently exposed to collagen (1 μg/mL). This allowed for immunoblotting analysis of key components within the (A) PI3K, (B) Akt, (C) GSK3β, (D) p38 MAPK, (E) ERK, and (F) JNK pathways. The data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 4). Statistical significance is denoted as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared with the results observed in resting platelets (Tyrode’s solution); and # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 compared with the results observed in the 0.1% DMSO group.