| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| WHO | Health Organization |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| WL | weight loss |
| RYGB | roux-en-Y gastric bypass |
| WR | weight regain |
| MS | metabolic surgery |
| GGF | gastro-gastric fistula |
| LSG | laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy |
| DS | dumping syndrome |
| DSM-5 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition |
| AT | adipose tissue |
| ARC | arcuate nucleus |
| NPY | neuropeptide Y |
| AgRP | agouti-related peptide |
| POMC | propiomelanocortin |
| CART | amphetamine-regulated transcript |
| PVN | paraventricular nucleus |
| LHA | lateral hypothalamic area |
| NTS | nuclei of the solitary tract |
| EI | energy intake |
| PYY | peptide YY |
| CCK | cholecystokinin |
| GLP-1 | glucagon-like peptide 1 |
| PA | physical activity |
| TBW | total body weight |
| HELP | Healthy Eating and Lifestyle Post-surgery |
| WLM | weight-loss medications |
| AGB | adjustable gastric banding |
| LCNK | ad-libitum, low-carbohydrate, non-ketogenic, or high-protein diet |
| TORe | transoral outlet reduction |
| APC-TORe | argon plasma mucosal coagulation |
| APMC-TORe | argon plasma mucosal coagulation alone |
| ESD | endoscopic submucosal dissection |
| DRGB | distal Roux-en-Y gastric bypass |
| SADI-S | single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with gastric sleeve |
| SG | sleeve gastrectomy |