Table 2.
SER analysis of the included articles. When multiple follow-ups were conducted within the same study, the data are presented based on each follow-up period.
| Authors | Follow-Up (m, Months) |
TX (n) |
SVL (n) |
Baseline SER (Mean ± SD) D |
ΔSER at Follow-Up (Mean ± SD) D |
Absolute Intergroup Change Mean (SE), [95% CI] D |
Relative Intergroup Change | Relative Intragroup Change |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TX | SVL | TX | SVL | p | TX | SVL | ||||||
| Bao [20] | 6 m | HALs (54) | (52) | −2.70 ± 1.03 | −2.46 ± 0.87 | −0.10 ± 0.29 | −0.34 ± 0.29 | −0.24 (0.06), [−0.35 to −0.13] | <0.001 * | −70.59% | 3.70% | 13.82% |
| SALs (55) | −2.31 ± 0.96 | −0.17 ± 0.30 | −0.17 (0.06), [−0.28 to −0.06] | 0.004 * | −50.00% | 7.36% | ||||||
| Lam [18] | 6 m | DIMSs (79) | (81) | −2.97 ± 0.97 | −2.76 ± 0.96 | −0.13 ± 0.27 | −0.37 ± 0.36 | −0.24 (0.05), [−0.34 to −0.14] | <0.001 * | −64.86% | 4.38% | 13.41% |
| Liu X [19] | 6 m | CARE (52) | (44) | −2.67 ± 0.69 | −2.56 ± 0.75 | −0.38 ± 0.35 | −0.47 ± 0.37 | −0.09 (0.07), [−0.24 to 0.06] | 0.224 | −19.15% | 14.23% | 18.36% |
| Sankaridurg [30] | 6 m | HALs (54) | (65) | −3.47 ± 1.16 | −3.37 ± 1.22 | −0.20 ± 0.31 | −0.27 ± 0.42 | −0.07 (0.07), [−0.21 to 0.07] | 0.312 | −25.93% | 5.76% | 8.01% |
| Bao [20] | 1 year | HALs (54) | (52) | −2.70 ± 1.03 | −2.46 ± 0.87 | −0.27 ± 0.44 | −0.81 ± 0.43 | −0.54 (0.08), [−0.71 to −0.37] | <0.001 * | −66.67% | 10.00% | 32.93% |
| SALs (55) | −2.31 ± 0.96 | −0.48 ± 0.37 | −0.33 (0.08), [−0.48 to −0.18] | <0.001 * | −40.74% | 20.78% | ||||||
| Huang [26] | 1 year | DIMSs (30) | (38) | −2.84 ± 1.24 | −2.60 ± 0.99 | −0.79 ± 0.47 | −1.07 ± 0.64 | −0.28 (0.14), [−0.56 to −0.00] | 0.049 * | −26.17% | 27.82% | 41.15% |
| Lam [18] | 1 year | DIMSs (79) | (81) | −2.97 ± 0.97 | −2.76 ± 0.96 | −0.17 ± 0.44 | −0.55 ± 0.36 | −0.38 (0.06), [−0.51 to −0.25] | <0.001 * | −69.09% | 5.72% | 19.93% |
| Liu X [19] | 1 year | CARE (52) | (44) | −2.67 ± 0.69 | −2.56 ± 0.75 | −0.56 ± 0.46 | −0.71 ± 0.39 | −0.15 (0.09), [−0.32 to 0.02] | 0.091 | −21.13% | 20.97% | 27.73% |
| Liu J [27] | 1 year | DIMSs (2240) | (2240) | −2.88 ± 1.74 | −2.85 ± 1.87 | −0.50 ± 0.43 | −0.77 ± 0.58 | −0.27 (0.01), [−0.30 to −0.24] | <0.001 * | −35.06% | 17.36% | 27.02% |
| Long [28] | 1 year | DIMSs (90) | (90) | −3.82 ± 1.57 | −3.75 ± 1.51 | −0.51 ± 0.50 | −0.85 ± 0.51 | −0.34 (0.07), [−0.49 to −0.19] | <0.001 * | −40.00% | 13.35% | 22.67% |
| Rappon [23] | 1 year | DOTa (88) | (93) | −2.00 ± 0.93 | −1.95 ± 1.02 | −0.15 ± 0.39 | −0.53 ± 0.46 | −0.38 (0.06), [−0.51 to −0.25] | <0.001 * | −71.70% | 7.50% | 27.18% |
| DOTb (75) | −1.85 ± 0.91 | −0.23 ± 0.49 | −0.30 (0.07), [−0.45 to −0.15] | 0.001 * | −56.60% | 12.43% | ||||||
| Bao [29] | 2 years | HALs (54) | (50) | −2.70 ± 1.03 | −2.44 ± 0.85 | −0.66 ± 0.66 | −1.46 ± 0.64 | −0.80 (0.13), [−1.05 to −0.55] | 0.001 * | −54.79% | 24.44% | 59.84% |
| SALs (53) | −2.28 ± 0.95 | −1.04 ± 0.44 | −0.42 (0.11), [−0.63 to −0.21] | 0.002 * | −28.77% | 45.61% | ||||||
| Lam [18] | 2 years | DIMSs (79) | (81) | −2.97 ± 0.97 | −2.76 ± 0.96 | −0.38 ± 0.53 | −0.93 ± 0.54 | −0.55 (0.08), [−0.72 to −0.38] | <0.001 * | −59.14% | 12.79% | 33.70% |
| Liu J [27] | 2 years | DIMSs (735) | (735) | −3.00 ± 1.64 | −2.92 ± 1.94 | −0.88 ± 0.62 | −1.23 ± 0.76 | −0.35 (0.04), [−0.42 to −0.28] | <0.001 * | −28.46% | 29.33% | 42.12% |
| DIMSs (234) | (234) | −2.92 ± 1.54 | −2.93 ± 1.99 | −0.91 ± 0.45 | −1.16 ± 0.45 | −0.25 (0.04), [−0.33 to −0.17] | <0.001 * | −21.55% | 31.16% | 39.59% | ||
TX, treatment group; SVL, single-vision lenses group; D, diopter; SER, spherical equivalent refraction; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; HALs, highly aspherical lenslets; SALs, slightly aspherical lenslets; DIMSs, defocus-incorporated multiple segments; CARE, cylindrical annular refractive element; DOT, diffusion optics technology (a and b are two models of DOT lenses, differing in diffusor element density); * denotes statistical significance.