Table 3.
AL analysis of the included articles. When multiple follow-ups were conducted within the same study, the data were presented based on each follow-up period.
| Authors | Follow-Up (m, Months) |
TX (n) |
SVL (n) |
Baseline AL (Mean ± SD) mm |
ΔAL at Follow-Up (Mean ± SD) mm |
Absolute Intergroup Change Mean (SE), [95% CI] mm |
Relative Intergroup Change | Relative Intragroup Change |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TX | SVL | TX | SVL | p | TX | SVL | ||||||
| Bao [20] | 6 m | HALs (54) | (52) | 24.76 ± 0.66 | 24.77 ± 0.65 | 0.08 ± 0.07 | 0.20 ± 0.07 | 0.12 (0.01), [0.09 to 0.15] | <0.001 * | −60.00% | 0.32% | 0.81% |
| SALs (55) | 24.43 ± 0.74 | 0.14 ± 0.07 | 0.06 (0.10), [0.13 to 0.25] | 0.540 | −30.00% | 0.57% | ||||||
| Lam [18] | 6 m | DIMSs (79) | (81) | 24.70 ± 0.82 | 24.60 ± 0.83 | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.20 ± 0.09 | 0.17 (0.01), [0.14 to 0.20] | <0.001 * | −85.00% | 0.12% | 0.81% |
| Liu X [19] | 6 m | CARE (52) | (44) | 24.65 ± 0.67 | 24.66 ± 0.63 | 0.19 ± 0.12 | 0.23 ± 0.12 | 0.04 (0.03), [0.01 to 0.02] | 0.107 | −17.39% | 0.77% | 0.93% |
| Sankaridurg [30] | 6 m | HALs (54) | (65) | 25.10 ± 0.80 | 24.90 ± 0.80 | 0.06 ± 0.15 | 0.13 ± 0.15 | 0.07 (0.03), [0.01 to 0.12] | 0.013 * | −53.85% | 0.24% | 0.52% |
| Bao [20] | 1 year | HALs (54) | (52) | 24.76 ± 0.66 | 24.77 ± 0.65 | 0.13 ± 0.15 | 0.36 ± 0.14 | 0.23 (0.03), [0.17 to 0.29] | <0.001 * | −63.89% | 0.53% | 1.45% |
| SALs (55) | 24.43 ± 0.74 | 0.25 ± 0.15 | 0.11 (0.03), [0.05 to 0.17] | 0.002 * | −30.56% | 1.02% | ||||||
| Huang [26] | 1 year | DIMSs (30) | (38) | 24.62 ± 0.87 | 24.60 ± 0.71 | 0.41 ± 0.22 | 0.52 ± 0.22 | 0.11 (0.05), [0.00 to 0.22] | 0.045 * | −21.15% | 1.67% | 2.11% |
| Lam [18] | 1 year | DIMSs (79) | (81) | 24.70 ± 0.82 | 24.60 ± 0.83 | 0.11 ± 0.18 | 0.32 ± 0.18 | 0.21 (0.03), [0.15 to 0.27] | <0.001 * | −65.63% | 0.45% | 1.30% |
| Liu X [19] | 1 year | CARE (52) | (44) | 24.65 ± 0.67 | 24.66 ± 0.63 | 0.26 ± 0.18 | 0.36 ± 0.16 | 0.10 (0.03), [0.03 to 0.17] | 0.005 * | −27.78% | 1.05% | 1.46% |
| Liu J [27] | 1 year | DIMSs (2240) | (2240) | - | - | - | - | No data of AL | - | - | - | - |
| Long [28] | 1 year | DIMSs (90) | (90) | - | - | - | - | No data of AL | - | - | - | - |
| Rappon [23] | 1 year | DOTa (88) | (93) | 24.09 ± 0.82 | 24.03 ± 0.70 | 0.15 ± 0.15 | 0.30 ± 0.17 | 0.15 (0.02), [0.10 to 0.20] | <0.001 * | −50.00% | 0.62% | 1.25% |
| DOTb (75) | 23.94 ± 0.70 | 0.18 ± 0.21 | 0.12 (0.03), [0.06 to 0.18] | 0.001 * | −40.00% | 0.75% | ||||||
| Bao [29] | 2 years | HALs (54) | (50) | 24.76 ± 0.66 | 24.77 ± 0.64 | 0.34 ± 0.22 | 0.69 ± 0.28 | 0.35 (0.05), [0.25 to 0.45] | <0.001 * | −50.72% | 1.37% | 2.79% |
| SALs (53) | 24.44 ± 0.73 | 0.51 ± 0.29 | 0.18 (0.06), [0.07 to 0.29] | 0.002 * | −26.09% | 2.09% | ||||||
| Lam [18] | 2 years | DIMSs (79) | (81) | 24.70 ± 0.82 | 24.60 ± 0.83 | 0.21 ± 0.18 | 0.53 ± 0.27 | 0.32 (0.04), [0.25 to 0.39] | <0.001 * | −60.38% | 0.85% | 2.15% |
| Liu J [27] | 2 years | DIMSs (735) | (735) | - | - | - | - | No data of AL | - | - | - | - |
| DIMSs (234) | (234) | - | - | - | - | No data of AL | - | - | - | - | ||
TX, treatment group; SVL, single-vision lenses group; AL, axial length; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; HALs, highly aspherical lenslets; SALs, slightly aspherical lenslets; DIMSs, defocus-incorporated multiple segments; CARE, cylindrical annular refractive element; DOT, diffusion optics technology (a and b are two models of DOT lenses, differing in diffusor element density); * denotes statistical significance.