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. 2024 Feb 17;13(4):1140. doi: 10.3390/jcm13041140

Table 2.

Short-term outcomes and comparisons between different categories of infants based on sepsis.

Variables All Sepsis
(CPS + CNS)		 p † CPS p § CNS p ¥ Infants
without
Sepsis
n = 76 n = 33 n = 43 n = 76
Days of central line 29 (14; 39) <0.001 33 (22–44) <0.001 26 (12–36) 0.001 15 (6; 22)
Surfactant 59 (73.6) 0.105 26 (78.8) 0.175 33 (76.7) 0.211 50 (65.8)
Post-natal steroids 15 (19.7) 0.008 8 (24.2) 0.004 7 (16.3) 0.049 4 (5.3)
MV 61 (80.3) <0.001 30 (90.9) <0.001 31 (72.1) 0.001 36 (47.4)
MV, days 5 (1; 15) <0.001 7 (2–10) <0.001 4 (0–17) <0.001 0 (0–3)
BPD <0.001 <0.001 0.003
  • -

    Mild

 22 (29.0) 13 (39.4) 9 (20.9) 22 (29.0)
  • -

    Moderate

 13 (17.1) 5 (15.2) 8 (18.6) 6 (7.9)
  • -

    Severe

 15 (19.8) 8 (24.2) 7 (16.3) 1 (1.3)
PDA 0.007 0.021 0.031
  • -

    Medical treatment

 34 (44.7) 14 (42.4) 20 (46.5) 20 (26.3)
  • -

    Surgical treatment

 5 (6.6) 3 (9.1) 2 (4.7) 1 (1.3)
NEC ‖ 4 (5.3) 0.043 1 (3) 0.127 3 (7.0) 0.020 0
ROP ≥ grade 3 5 (6.7) 0.246 4 (12.1) 0.046 1 (2.3) 0.919 2 (2.6)
IVH 18 (24.7) 0.085 9 (29.0) 0.059 9 (21.4) 0.259 9 (13.2)
HPI 6 (8.2) 0.065 3 (9.7) 0.054 3 (7.1) 0.123 1 (1.5)
PVL 11 (15.1) 0.034 4 (12.9) 0.126 7 (16.7) 0.030 3 (4.4)
Hospital stay, days 75 (55; 93) <0.001 88 (58–100) <0.001 66 (55–84) 0.013 60 (45; 72)
PCE at discharge 38.6 (36.9; 41) <0.001 39 (37–41.6) 0.002 38.4 (36.8–40) 0.005 37.2 (35.8; 38.1)

BPD—bronchopulmonary dysplasia. CNS—culture-negative sepsis. CPS—culture-proven sepsis. HPI—hemorrhagic parenchymal infarction. IVH—intraventricular hemorrhage. MV—mechanical ventilation. NEC—necrotizing enterocolitis. PCE—post-natal conceptional age. PDA—patent ductus arteriosus. PVL—periventricular leukomalacia. ROP—retinopathy of prematurity. Data presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). Missing data: IVH, n = 11. HPI, n = 11. PVL, n = 11. † Comparison between infants with sepsis and infants without sepsis. § Comparison between infants with CPS and infants without sepsis. ¥ Comparison between infants with CNS and infants without sepsis. ‖ Stage ≥ IIA of Bell’s classification [12].