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. 2024 Feb 17;13(4):1140. doi: 10.3390/jcm13041140

Table 3.

Neurodevelopmental outcomes and comparisons between different categories of infants based on sepsis.

Variables All Sepsis (CPS + CNS) p † CPS p § CNS p ¥ Infants without Sepsis
n = 76 n = 33 n = 33 n = 76
Neurodevelopmental outcome 0.008 0.004 0.063
  • -

    normal

 47 (61.8) 18 (54.6) 29 (67.5) 59 (77.6)
  • -

    MFD

 10 (13.2) 5 (15.2) 5 (11.6) 12 (15.8)
  • -

    SFD

 19 (25.0) 10 (30.3) ‡ 9 (20.9) 5 (6.6) *
Motor outcome 0.003 0.007 0.137
  • -

    normal

 50 (65.8) 18 (55.6) 32 (74.4) 62 (81.6)
  • -

    MFD

 14 (18.4) 9 (27.3) 5 (11.6) 11 (14.5)
  • -

    SFD

 12 (15.8) 6 (18.2) 6 (14.0) 3 (3.9)
GMDS-R ‖
A 98 (98–107) 0.322 98 (98–107) 0.387 98 (98–107) 0.458 98 (98–107)
B 106 (99–115) 0.038 106 (92–106) 0.006 109 (99–119) 0.416 112 (100–119)
C 101 (88–105) 0.621 98 (84–102) 0.179 102 (91–107) 0.719 102 (88–105)
D 107(102–112) 0.762 107 (102–112) 0.259 107 (102–118) 0.644 107 (102–118)
E 101 (99–106) 0.286 100 (99–106) 0.497 102 (100–106) 0.319 106 (100–106)
GQ 103 (96–109) 0.264 100 (95–106) 0.033 105 (97–111) 0.931 105 (98–111)

A—loco-motor scale. B—eye and hand coordination scale. C—personal and social scale. CNS—culture-negative sepsis. CPS—culture-proven sepsis. D—hearing and language scale. E—cognitive performance scale. GMDS-R—Griffiths Mental Development Scale. GQ—general development quotient. MFD—moderate functional disability. SFD—severe functional disability. Data presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). † Comparison between infants with sepsis and infants without sepsis. § Comparison between infants with CPS and infants without sepsis. ¥ Comparison between infants with CNS and infants without sepsis. ‡ SFD: cerebral palsy, n = 6 (of whom one also had deafness). Blindness, n = 4. SFD: cerebral palsy, n = 7 (of whom one also had blindness). Severe cognitive impairment, n = 2. * SFD: cerebral palsy, n = 3. Blindness, n = 1. Severe cognitive impairment, n = 1. ‖ A total of 21 infants with cerebral palsy (n = 16) or blindness (n = 6) were excluded from the analysis. In addition, data were unavailable for 3 infants. Number of infants included in the final analysis were distributed as follows: infants with all sepsis (CPS + CNS), n = 56; infants with CPS, n = 23; infants with CNS, n = 33; infants without sepsis, n = 73.