Table 1.
A comparison between TTS in the general cohort and during the literature peripartum TTS (of which 32 patients had analyzable data for this table).
| Takotsubo Syndrome (RETAKO General Cohort) (n = 1574) |
The Literature Peripartum Takotsubo Syndrome (n = 32) | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.1 ± 30.6 | 35 ± 5 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 1355 (86.1%) | 31 (100%) | 0.172 | |
| Hypertension | 1015 (67.4%) | 4 (12.9%) | <0.001 | |
| Dislipidaemia | 794 (50.5%) | 2 (6.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 394 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 0.068 | |
| Smoker/Ex-smoker | 408 (27.2%) | 2 (6.4%) | 0.182 | |
| Obesity | 214 (14.7%) | 3 (9.7%) | 0.433 | |
| TTS Trigger | Secondary form | 543 (34.5%) | 26 (81.3%) | <0.001 |
| Symptoms | Angina * | 938 (64.3%) | 9 (28.1%) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 762 (41.3%) | 23 (76.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Palpitations | 112 (7.6%) | 3 (9.7%) | 0.065 | |
| Syncope | 124 (8.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.093 | |
| In-hospital complications |
Stroke | 41 (2.8%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0.228 |
| Bleeding | 49 (3.3%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.974 | |
| Renal failure | 170 (11.6%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.146 | |
| Maximum Killip status |
I | 940 (59.7%) | 12 (38.7%) | <0.001 |
| II | 238 (15.1%) | 1 (3.2%) | ||
| III | 136 (8.6%) | 3 (9.7%) | ||
| IV | 155 (9.8%) | 15 (48.4%) | ||
| Vasoactive support | 189 (30.8%) | 15 (53.6%) | 0.019 | |
| IABP | 21 (4.1%) | 4 (14.3%) | 0.008 | |
| MVS | 108 (19.5%) | 10 (37%) | 0.027 | |
| LVEF | 42.14 ± 11.80 | 34.93 ± 10.86 | 0.001 | |
| Takotsubo pattern |
Typical | 1173 (74.6%) | 12 (37.5%) | <0.001 |
| Atypical | 400 (25.4%) | 20 (62.5%) | 0.001 | |
| ECG abnormalities | ST-segment elevation | 746 (51.9%) | 7 (22.6%) | 0.001 |
| ST-segment depression | 198 (13.9%) | 3 (9.7%) | 0.503 | |
| Initial T-wave inversion | 569 (39.8%) | 11 (35.5%) | 0.623 | |
| Follow-up complications | 313 (24.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.001 | |
| Deaths | 209 (13.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.030 | |
| Follow-up | 165, 33–353 | 581, 155–1588 | 0.001 | |
Follow-up time is expressed as days (median) and interquartile range (IQR). Patients from RETAKO included in the peripartum group were excluded from RETAKO general population for this analysis. Follow-up complications were considered a composite between readmissions in cardiology and/or TTS recurrences. Regarding the TTS pattern, typical forms included apical involvement only, the rest were considered atypical. * Calculated over 1459 with available data on the RETAKO registry. Abbreviations: CP = chest pain; IABP = intra-aortic balloon pump; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MVS = mechanical ventilatory support. Percentages are given over available patients in each group for a certain variable. The form of TTS was more commonly secondary (p < 0.001) with atypical symptoms such as dyspnea (p < 0.001). The literature peripartum TTS group had a lower prevalence of ST-segment elevation on the admission ECG (51.9% vs. 22.6%, p < 0.001), whereas T-wave inversion was equally found in both groups on admission ECG (39.8% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.623).