Figure 4.

This illustration provides an overview of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing. The Cas9 enzyme is triggered by attaching to guide RNA (gRNA) and then binding to the corresponding genomic sequence just before the 3-nucleotide PAM sequence. After binding, Cas9 induces a double-strand break, and the DNA is repaired using either the NHEJ or HDR pathway, leading to an edited gene sequence.