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. 2024 Feb 16;25(4):2352. doi: 10.3390/ijms25042352

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A,B) Beclin-1 expression elevated after both 6 and 12 weeks in all groups compared to the control group. However, the expression was more elevated after 6 weeks than after 12 weeks in the TCD-7, TCD-14, and SC groups. (C,D) LC3 expression was elevated after both 6 and 12 weeks in all groups compared to the control group. However, the expression was more elevated after 6 weeks than after 12 weeks in the TCD-7, TCD-14, and SC groups. (E,F) Cleaved caspase-3 expression was elevated in all groups after 6 and 12 weeks compared to the control group. However, the expression was not significant in the TCD-7 and TCD-14 groups after 12 weeks than after 6 weeks. On the contrary, the expression was peaked and more significant after 12 weeks than after 6 weeks in the SC group (black squares: area is to be magnified, white triangles: indication of the immunopositive area).

(A,B) Beclin-1 expression elevated after both 6 and 12 weeks in all groups compared to the control group. However, the expression was more elevated after 6 weeks than after 12 weeks in the TCD-7, TCD-14, and SC groups. (C,D) LC3 expression was elevated after both 6 and 12 weeks in all groups compared to the control group. However, the expression was more elevated after 6 weeks than after 12 weeks in the TCD-7, TCD-14, and SC groups. (E,F) Cleaved caspase-3 expression was elevated in all groups after 6 and 12 weeks compared to the control group. However, the expression was not significant in the TCD-7 and TCD-14 groups after 12 weeks than after 6 weeks. On the contrary, the expression was peaked and more significant after 12 weeks than after 6 weeks in the SC group (black squares: area is to be magnified, white triangles: indication of the immunopositive area).