Table 2.
Clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 according to the presence/absence of HF.
| Variables | All Patients N = 3260 n (%) |
without HF N = 3078 n (%) |
with HF N = 182 n (%) |
p-Value 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical manifestations | ||||
| Fever | 2099 (64.4) | 2022 (65.7) | 77 (42.3) | <0.001 |
| Cough | 2235 (68.6) | 2135 (69.4) | 100 (54.9) | <0.001 |
| Fatigue | 1625 (49.8) | 1528 (49.1) | 97 (53.3) | 0.4 |
| Anorexia | 634 (19.4) | 594 (19.3) | 40 (22.0) | 0.4 |
| Myalgias | 1101 (33.8) | 1071 (34.8) | 30 (16.5) | <0.001 |
| Diarrhea | 456 (14.0) | 443 (14.4) | 13 (7.1) | 0.009 |
| Chest pain | 446 (13.7) | 412 (13.4) | 34 (18.7) | 0.056 |
| Palpitations | 151 (4.6) | 127 (4.1) | 24 (13.2) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 2365 (72.5) | 2228 (72.4) | 137 (75.3) | 0.4 |
| Loss of taste | 213 (6.5) | 208 (6.8) | 5 (2.7) | 0.048 |
| Loss of smell | 223 (6.8) | 219 (7.1) | 4 (2.2) | 0.016 |
| Other | 1132 (34.7) | 1085 (35.3) | 47 (25.8) | 0.012 |
| Laboratories at admission, median (IQR) | ||||
| Hemoglobin, mg/dL | 13.6 (12.1, 14.9) | 13.7 (12.2, 14.9) | 12.5 (10.7, 14.0) | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit, % | 40.2 (36.1, 44.0) | 40.4 (36.4, 44.0) | 37.6 (31.7, 42.3) | <0.001 |
| Leukocytes, ×103 μL | 8.7 (6.3, 12.1) | 8.7 (6.3, 12.2) | 8.5 (6.4, 11.6) | 0.5 |
| Platelets, ×103 μL | 228 (176, 297) | 230 (177, 299) | 210 (160, 267) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 2.0) | <0.001 |
| Ureic nitrogen, mg/dL | 18.0 (12.5, 28.9) | 17.5 (12.3, 27.3) | 29.0 (20.0, 51.8) | <0.001 |
| Aspartate Transaminase, U/L | 42 (29.0, 65.7) | 42.1 (29.0, 66.0) | 36.0 (25.0, 63.8) | 0.12 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 37 (24.0, 60.0) | 37.9 (24.3, 61.0) | 31.0 (18.1, 49.2) | 0.002 |
| D-dimer, mcg/mL | 0.75 (0.38, 1.53) | 0.73 (0.37, 1.52) | 0.94 (0.51, 2.38) | 0.003 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 820 (396, 1481) | 831 (398, 1491) | 691 (377, 1272) | 0.063 |
| Ultrasensitive troponin I, ng/mL | 0.01 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.11) | <0.001 |
| Lactic dehydrogenase, U/L | 369 (269, 515) | 369 (269, 512) | 380 (264, 543) | 0.6 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 429 (88, 2744) | 312 (81, 1932) | 3357 (2140, 9132) | <0.001 |
| Chest x-ray | ||||
| Pulmonary infiltrates | 2605 (79.9) | 2478 (80.5) | 127 (69.8) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary congestion | 608 (18.6) | 531 (17.3) | 77 (42.3) | <0.001 |
| Pleural effusion | 360 (11) | 319 (10.4) | 41 (22.5) | <0.001 |
| Cardiomegaly | 549 (16.8) | 451 (14.7) | 98 (53.8) | <0.001 |
1 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test. HF: heart failure. IQR: interquartile range. n: number of patients. NT-proBNP: N-terminal (NT)-prohormone brain natriuretic peptide.