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Initial adhesion of keratinocytes (HaCaT) on laser-structured specimens after 10 min: (A) on medical steel and (B) titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Note that the attachment of HaCaTs is significantly increased solely on the laser-induced micro-dimple cluster with additional nanostructures (DC20 + LIPSS) for both materials (FACSCalibur; n = 4 independent experiments, mean ± s.e.m., ordinary one-way ANOVA posthoc uncorrected Fisher’s LSD: * p ≤ 0.05 to Ref, # p ≤ 0.05 to LIPSS).
