. 2024 Jan 30;102:skae029. doi: 10.1093/jas/skae029

Table 7.

Effects of betaine supplementation and energy levels on intestinal morphology of rabbits

DE	BET	Duodenum			Jejunum			Ileum
DE	BET	Villus height, um	Crypt depth, um	Villus crypt ratio	Villus height, um	Crypt depth, um	Villus crypt ratio	Villus height, um	Crypt depth, um	Villus crypt ratio
NDE	0	630.39^a	202.29^a	3.37	461.69	98.51^bc	4.81	300.13	100.57	3.03
NDE	500	392.71^c	110.23^d	3.77	488.11	104.06^ab	4.84	330.13	117.14	3.01
NDE	1,000	360.13^c	123.49^d	3.14	465.96	112.72^a	4.35	345.98	107.38	3.08
LDE	0	412.42^c	132.28^cd	3.39	489.94	106.19^ab	4.79	311.67	96.88	3.36
LDE	500	592.71^ab	170.05^b	4.00	443.67	86.16^c	5.42	397.74	119.08	3.36
LDE	1,000	539.88^b	151.00^bc	3.67	432.65	111.05^ab	4.21	379.14	116.33	3.28
SEM		19.93	9.28	0.18	16.78	4.82	0.22	12.21	4.23	0.12
Main effect
DE	NDE	461.93^b	145.34	3.43	455.42	105.15	4.66	325.41^b	108.37	3.04^b
DE	LDE	515.00^a	151.11	3.69	471.92	101.01	4.80	362.72^a	110.60	3.33^a
BET	0	521.41^a	167.28^a	3.38^b	475.81	102.35^ab	4.80^a	305.90^b	98.73^b	3.20
	500	492.71^a	140.14^b	3.89^a	465.89	95.11^b	5.13^a	362.35^a	118.10^a	3.19
	1,000	455.14^b	137.24^b	3.41^b	449.30	111.90^a	4.28^b	368.08^a	111.80^a	3.18
P value	DE	<0.01	0.47	0.08	0.25	0.33	0.44	<0.01	0.50	<0.01
	BET	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.31	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.99
	DE × BET	<0.01	<0.01	0.38	0.08	0.04	0.22	0.08	0.35	0.81

Note: Data in the same column with different letters on the shoulder indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05).