Table 5.
The summary of preclinical and human studies that evaluated changes in the expression levels of circRNAs and their role in biological processes related to MS.
| MS Type | Sample | Sperimental Models | circRNAs | Role | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RRMS | PBMCs | 10 MS patients and 10 controls | 166 (↓125) | - | [153] |
| RRMS SPMS |
leukocytes | 30 MS patients and 20 controls | ↑ 22835 | - | [154] |
| RRMS | PBMCs | 67 MS patients and 37 controls | 914 ↑ hsa_circRNA_101348 ↑ hsa_circRNA_102611 ↑ hsa_circRNA_104361 |
- | [155] |
| RRMS | PBMCs | 65 MS patients and 37 controls | ↓ hsa_circRNA_101145 ↓ hsa_circRNA_001896 |
- | [156] |
| RRMS | CD4+ Tn cells | 18 MS patients murine model of EAE |
↑ circINPP4B | Th17 differentiation | [157] |
| RRMS PPMS SPMS |
cerebrospinal fluid peripheral blood HMC3 cells |
56 MS patients and 20 controls murine model of EAE |
↑ circ_0000518 | FUS/CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway | [158] |
MS: multiple sclerosis; circRNAs: circular RNAs; RRMS: relapsing–remitting MS; SPMS: secondary progressive MS; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Th17: T helper-17; HMC3: human microglial clone 3; FUS: fused in sarcoma; CaMKKβ: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase ↑: upregulation; ↓: downregulation.