Table 2.
Univariate analysis of demographic and clinical data for each major complication.
| Variable | Anastomotic Insufficiency | Surgical Site Infection | Bleeding | ||||||
| No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||||
| n = 328 | n = 112 | p -Value | n = 404 | n = 35 | p -Value | n = 426 | n = 13 | p -Value | |
| Age (years) | 63 (56, 71) | 62 (57, 70) | 0.8 | 63 (56, 71) | 60 (54, 70) | 0.6 | 63 (56, 71) | 59 (57, 64) | 0.5 |
| Male sex | 266 (81%) | 92 (82%) | 0.8 | 326 (81%) | 31 (89%) | 0.3 | 345 (81%) | 12 (92%) | 0.5 |
| Diabetes | 50 (15%) | 11 (9.9%) | 0.2 | 57 (14%) | 4 (11%) | 0.8 | 59 (13%) | 2 (15%) | 0.7 |
| CHD | 44 (13%) | 15 (14%) | >0.9 | 57 (14%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.2 | 55 (13%) | 4 (31%) | 0.083 |
| Stroke | 17 (5.2%) | 2 (1.8%) | 0.2 | 17 (4.2%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.7 | 19 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) | >0.9 |
| COPD | 37 (11%) | 14 (13%) | 0.7 | 49 (12%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.4 | 50 (12%) | 1 (7.7%) | >0.9 |
| Alcohol | 25 (7.6%) | 22 (20%) | <0.001 | 42 (10%) | 5 (14%) | 0.4 | 43 (10%) | 4 (31%) | 0.040 |
| Tobacco use | 88 (27%) | 43 (39%) | 0.018 | 117 (29%) | 14 (40%) | 0.2 | 125 (29%) | 6 (46%) | 0.2 |
| CTx | 142 (43%) | 24 (21%) | <0.001 | 153 (38%) | 13 (37%) | >0.9 | 164 (38%) | 2 (15%) | 0.14 |
| Open surgery | 260 (79%) | 85 (76%) | 0.5 | 312 (77%) | 32 (91%) | 0.05 | 335 (79%) | 9 (69%) | 0.5 |
| UICC stage | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.9 | ||||||
| 0 | 25 (8%) | 11 (10%) | 35 (8.7%) | 1 (2.9%) | 34 (8.0%) | 2 (15%) | |||
| 1 | 99 (30%) | 29 (26%) | 121 (30%) | 7 (20%) | 125 (29%) | 3 (23%) | |||
| 2 | 53 (16%) | 25 (22%) | 71 (18%) | 7 (20%) | 76 (18%) | 2 (15%) | |||
| 3 | 128 (39%) | 35 (31%) | 147 (36%) | 15 (43%) | 157 (37%) | 5 (38%) | |||
| 4 | 23 (7%) | 12 (11%) | 30 (7.4%) | 5 (14%) | 34 (8.0%) | 1 (7.7%) | |||
| Type of Cancer | <0.001 | 0.3 | 0.5 | ||||||
| EAC | 251 (77%) | 67 (60%) | 290 (72%) | 27 (77%) | 309 (73%) | 8 (62%) | |||
| ESC | 71 (22%) | 45 (40%) | 109 (27%) | 7 (20%) | 111 (26%) | 5 (38%) | |||
| Other | 6 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (1.2%) | 1 (2.9%) | 6 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| Variable | Pneumonia | Sepsis | PE | ||||||
| No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||||
| n = 279 | n = 160 | p -Value | n = 345 | n = 95 | p -Value | n = 413 | n = 26 | p -Value | |
| Age (years) | 63 (56, 71) | 64 (57, 71) | 0.7 | 63 (56, 71) | 64 (57, 71) | 0.5 | 63 (56, 71) | 58 (56, 64) | 0.11 |
| Male sex | 223 (80%) | 134 (84%) | 0.3 | 281 (81%) | 77 (81%) | >0.9 | 335 (81%) | 22 (85%) | 0.8 |
| Diabetes | 40 (14%) | 21 (13%) | 0.7 | 48 (14%) | 13 (14%) | >0.9 | 58 (14%) | 3 (12%) | >0.9 |
| CHD | 35 (13%) | 24 (15%) | 0.5 | 38 (11%) | 21 (22%) | 0.004 | 55 (13%) | 4 (15%) | 0.8 |
| Stroke | 15 (5.4%) | 4 (2.5%) | 0.2 | 16 (4.6%) | 3 (3.2%) | 0.8 | 19 (4.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.6 |
| COPD | 23 (8.2%) | 28 (18%) | 0.004 | 38 (11%) | 13 (14%) | 0.5 | 50 (12%) | 1 (3.8%) | 0.3 |
| Alcohol | 22 (7.9%) | 25 (16%) | 0.012 | 32 (9.3%) | 15 (16%) | 0.063 | 46 (11%) | 1 (3.8%) | 0.3 |
| Tobacco use | 78 (28%) | 53 (33%) | 0.3 | 101 (29%) | 30 (32%) | 0.6 | 124 (30%) | 7 (27%) | 0.7 |
| CTx | 126 (45%) | 40 (25%) | <0.001 | 145 (42%) | 22 (23%) | <0.001 | 155 (38%) | 11 (42%) | 0.6 |
| Open surgery | 216 (77%) | 132 (82%) | 0.2 | 265 (77%) | 80 (84%) | 0.12 | 324 (78%) | 20 (77%) | 0.9 |
| UICC stage | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.015 | ||||||
| 0 | 29 (10%) | 7 (4.4%) | 30 (8.7%) | 7 (7.4%) | 33 (8.0%) | 3 (12%) | |||
| 1 | 80 (29%) | 48 (30%) | 102 (30%) | 26 (27%) | 121 (29%) | 7 (27%) | |||
| 2 | 48 (17%) | 30 (18%) | 64 (19%) | 14 (15%) | 78 (19%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 3 | 98 (35%) | 64 (40%) | 122 (35%) | 40 (42%) | 151 (37%) | 11 (42%) | |||
| 4 | 24 (9%) | 11 (6.9%) | 27 (7.8%) | 8 (8.4%) | 30 (7.3%) | 5 (19%) | |||
| Type of Cancer | 0.4 | 0.3 | |||||||
| EAC | 206 (74%) | 111 (69%) | 252 (73%) | 65 (68%) | 295 (71%) | 22 (85%) | 0.5 | ||
| ESC | 68 (24%) | 48 (30%) | 87 (25%) | 30 (32%) | 112 (27%) | 4 (15%) | |||
| Other | 5 (1.8%) | 1 (0.6%) | 6 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | |||
CHD: coronary heart disease, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CTx: chemotherapy, UICC: Union for International Cancer Control. EAC: esophageal adenocarcinoma, ESC: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). Statistical significance was tested using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test when the sample size was <5 for qualitative variables and with the Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables with non-normal distributions. Bold p-values are of statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05).