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. 2024 Feb 23;19(2):e0298802. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298802

Table 1. ECM/cell adhesion genes differentially expressed compared to the high outflow regions.

Unless otherwise noted with a citation, the function of genes was determined using GeneCards®, the human gene database or UniProtKB/Swiss site.

Gene Protein Name Function Log2 FC Adj p value
ADAM15 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 15 Metalloproteinase that binds β1 and β3 integrins and cleaves E-and N-cadherins and collagens +0.7 0.005
SPANXA1 Sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the chromosome, family member A1 Suppresses EMT and upregulates E-cadherin expression [38] +0.5 0.02
NPNT Nephronectin α8β1 integrin ligand -1.0 0.04
GYPA Glycophorin A Pathogen receptor, impairs cell adhesion, may interact with integrins [39, 40] -1.0 0.03
PNN Pinin Desmosome protein -1.2 0.02
ADAMTS3 ADAM Metallopeptidase with Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 3 Disintegrin and metalloproteinase; regulates type II collagen fibrillogenesis, cleaves VEGF-C [41] -1.2 0.02
MPP2 MAGUK p55 scaffold protein 2 Organizes synapsis signaling with cell adhesion molecules -1.2 0.03
GPR4 G protein-coupled receptor 4 Increases vascular permeability, VCAM mediated cell-cell adhesion; regulates focal adhesion dynamics. Pro-inflammatory receptor. -1.3 0.02
PPFIA4 PTPRF interacting protein alpha 4 (Liprin-alpha) Phosphatase; regulates disassembly of focal adhesions -1.3 0.03
BGN Biglycan Small leucine-rich proteoglycan; crosslinks collagen fibrils and a DAMP for TLR4 -1.4 0.03
CRKL CRK like proto-oncogene Adaptor protein mediates focal adhesion formation, growth factor, integrin and cytokine signaling [42] -1.6 0.03
LDB3 PDLIM6 (ZASP) Stabilizes structural integrity of sarcomere during contraction; binds α-actinin; regulates α5β1 integrin activation [43] -1.6 0.006