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. 2024 Jan 27;14(2):189. doi: 10.3390/life14020189

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of extracts of non-symbiotic and symbiotic L. japonicus plants on HEK-293 cell viability. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by an MTT assay, following the application of shoot (a,c) or root (b,d) extracts to HEK-293 cell cultures at a concentration of 10 μg/mL (10) or 20 μg/mL (20) and 48 h incubation. The viability of control DMSO-treated cells was considered 1 and all measurements were normalized accordingly. DMSO: control DMSO-only treatment; C1: extracts from non-inoculated plants grown at 21 °C; C2: extracts from non-inoculated plants grown at 24–25 °C; AMF: extracts from AMF-inoculated plants (Greek isolate); AMF-D: extracts from AMF-inoculated plants (DAOM strain); R: extracts from Rhizobium-inoculated plants; R + D: extracts from Rhizobium–AMF double-inoculated plants. Bars show means and standard deviation (n = 4–6). Comparisons are between samples of the same concentration. One-way ANOVA: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (comparison with DMSO treatment) and # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 (comparison between inoculated and non-inoculated plants).