Table 1.

Early adverse events and their management.

Type of AE	Prevention	Management
Cholangitis	Avoid contrast agent use	Antibiotics Endoscopic reintervention (DPPS or SEMS?)
Distal flange misdeployment	CBD diameter > 15 mm	Without guidewire: removal of LAMS + duodenal closure (OTSC) +/− repeat procedure or transpapillary SEMS after ERCP PTBD
	If <15 mm, use of a guidewire procedure	With a guidewire: removal of LAMS +/− cSEMS +/− repeat LAMS PTBD
Proximal flange misdeployment	«Intra-channel release» technique	Bridging-covered stent (under direct visualisation or EUS-guided) or PTBD
Bleeding	Color doppler Monitoring of coagulation function	Supportive management In case of major bleeding, consider arterial embolisation