Table 2.

Retrospective studies on EUS-CDS performed after ERCP failure to palliate MDBOs.

Author [Ref]	Patients	TS	CS	Bile Duct Diameter	Freehand	Mean Follow-Up	Stent Obstruction	Early AE	Type of Stent Used
Year
Kunda et al. [21]	57	98.2%	96.4%	17.9 mm	None	151 d	9.3%	7%	Axios and Hot Axios
2016									6 × 8 mm (64.2%) 8 × 8 mm (3.6%)
									10 × 10 mm (28.6%) 15 × 10 mm (3.6%)
Jacques et al. [12]	52	88.5%	100%	17.2 mm	94.2%	157 d	11.5%	3.8%	Hot Axios
2019									6 × 8 mm (82.7%) 8 × 8 mm (13.5%) 15 × 10 mm (3.8%)
Tsuchiya et al. [22] *	19	100%	79%	17.3 mm	5.2%	145 d	26.3%	15.8%	Hot Axios
2018									6 × 8 mm (52.7%) 8 × 8 mm (47.3%)
El Chafic et al. [18]	67	95.5%	100%	17.6 mm	None	119 d	17.5%	7.5%	Hot Axios
2019									10 × 10 mm (100%)
Jacques et al. [11]	70	98.6%	98.6%	17.7 mm	90%	153 d	10%	0%	Hot Axios
2020									6 × 8 mm (85.7%) 8 × 8 mm (13%) 10 × 10 mm (1.3%)
Fugazza et al. [23]	256	93.3%	96.2%	17.3 mm	94.5%	151 d	6.7%	2.7%	Hot Axios
2022									6 × 8 mm (33.6%) 8 × 8 mm (51.6%)
									10 × 10 mm (10.9%) 15 × 10 mm (2.7%)
									Nagi Stent (1.2%)
On et al. [20]	120	90.8%	94.8%	18.7 mm	71.4%	70 d	8.3%	8.3%	Hot Axios
2022									6 × 8 mm (38.7%) 8 × 8 mm (57.1%) 10 × 10 mm (4.2%)
Vanella et al. [19]	93	97.9%	93.4%	-	98.9%	138 d	31.8%	9.7%	Hot Axios
2023									6 × 8 mm (66.7%) 8 × 8 mm (32.3%) 15 × 10 mm (1%)

* prospective study.