Table 5.

Medication used in the treatment of Graves’ disease and potential fetal risks.

Medication	Potential Fetal Risks
Propylthiouracil	cysts of the face and neck
	urinary abnormalities
Methimazole	aplasia cutis esophageal atresia choanal atresia abdominal wall defects
	cardiac (ventricular septal) defects
Radioactive iodine (I131)	fetal thyroid ablation
	malformations
	growth restriction
	mental retardation [48]
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents	intrauterine growth restriction
	fetal and neonatal bradycardia neonatal hypoglycemia