Table 1.

Characteristics of 21 patients treated with endovascular therapy for traumatic injury of the head and neck.

PTs	Age/Sex	Cause	Presentation	CT Findings	DSA Findings	Treatment	Clinical Course
1	73/M	Fall	Neck swelling	EV, visceral space	EV, L inferior thyroid	NA	NA
2	80/F	Fall	Neck swelling	PA, R posterior thyroid	PA, R VA (V2)	bStent	Stable 717 d F/U
3	46/M	Fall	Epistaxis and oral bleeding	Le fort II fracture	EV, L IMA branch	Coil	Stable 260 d F/U
4	57/M	Fall	Bleeding	Facial and sphenoid bone fracture	EV, L IMA branch	Particle	Stable 4 d F/U
5	39/M	Fall	Epistaxis	Facial and sphenoid bone fracture	EV, R IMA branch EV, R cavernous ICA (CCF)	Coil, particle	Stable 39 d F/U
6	51/F	TA	Epistaxis and oral bleeding	Le fort I fracture	EV, R petrous ICA EV, R ascending pharyngeal	cStent, coil	Stable 423 d F/U
7	62/M	TA	Epistaxis	Organizing hematoma, L maxillary sinus	EV, L IMA branch	Coil, glue	Death 911 d d/t esophageal cancer
8	80/F	TA	Massive oral bleeding	Le fort II fracture	EV, L IMA branch EV, both facial	Particle, coil	Stable 651 d F/U
9	61/M	TA	Epistaxis	Le fort II fracture	EV, L IMA branch	Coil	Stable 548 d F/U
10	25/M	Blunt	Ear bleeding	Hematoma, retropharyngeal space	EV, L VA (V2)	bStent, coil	Brain death 12 d
11	64/M	Blunt	Epistaxis and oral bleeding	Le fort II fracture	EV, R IMA branch	Coil	Transferred and lost F/U
12	47/M	Stab	Arrest	R CCA-IJV fistula	EV, R distal CCA	cStent	Death 12 h d/t hypovolemic shock
13	53/F	Stab	Bleeding	Hematoma, L neck	EV, L VA (V2)	Coil, bStent	Stable 1416 d F/U
14	22/F	Stab	Bleeding	PA, L lingual	PA, L lingual	Coil	Stable 190 d F/U
15	34/F	Stab	Bleeding	EV, R ICA	EV, R cervical ICA	cStent	Stable 45 d F/U
16	32/M	Iatrogenic	Massive bleeding during surgery	NA	EV, R proximal CCA	cStent	Stable 2344 d F/U
17	26/M	Iatrogenic	Epistaxis	Normal	EV, R IMA branch	Particle	Stable 102 d F/U
18	58/M	Iatrogenic	Oral bleeding	NA	EV, L cervical ICA	cStent	Death 354 d d/t pneumonia
19	48/M	Iatrogenic	Epistaxis	NA	EV, L IMA branch	Particle, coil	Stable 2971 d F/U
20	34/M	Iatrogenic	Epistaxis	NA	EV, L IMA branch	Particle	Stable 26 d F/U
21	23/M	Iatrogenic	Epistaxis	NA	EV, L IMA branch	Coil	Stable 246 d F/U

Note—EV = extravasation, PA = pseudoaneurysm, CCF = carotid cavernous fistula, R = right, L = left, IMA = internal maxillary artery, cStent = covered stent, bStent = bare stent, ICA = internal carotid artery, CCA = common carotid artery, IJV = internal jugular vein, VA = vertebral artery, TA = traffic accident, NA = not applicable, d = days, h = hours, F/U = follow up.