AASIx	Ambulatory arterial stiffness index
ADF	Alternate day fasting
ADF-HF	Alternate day fasting high fat
ADF-LF	Alternate day fasting low fat
AIx	Augmentation index
ALCD	Atkins low-carbohydrate diet
aMED	Alternative Mediterranean diet
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AO	Abdominal obesity
baFMD	Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation
baPWV	Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity
BMI	Body mass index
BP	Blood pressure
cAIx	Central augmentation index
cAIx75	Central Augmentation Index75
CD	Control diet
cfPWV	Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity
CHD	Coronary heart disease
CHF	Chronic heart failure
cIMT	Carotid intima-media thickness
C-LIFE	Center-based lifestyle intervention
CO	Crossover
CR	Caloric restriction
CRD	Carbohydrate-restricted diet
CREX	Calorie restriction combined with endurance exercise
CS	Cross-sectional
CT	Clinical trial
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
DASH-A	DASH diet alone
DASH-WM	DASH diet with behavioral weight management program
EF	Endothelial function
EVA	Early vascular aging
EVOO	Extra-virgin olive oil
ΕΧ	Exercise program
faPWV	Femoral–ankle pulse wave velocity
FMD	Flow-mediated dilatation
HD	Hypocaloric diet
HFD	High-fat diet
HFM	High-fat meal
HMD	Hypocaloric
HTN	Hypertension
ILI	Intensive lifestyle intervention program
IR	Insulin resistance
KIDMED	Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents
LCaD	Low-carbohydrate diet
LCD	Low-calorie diet
LFD	Low-fat diet
LFM	Low-fat meal
LIRET	Low-intensity resistance exercise training program
MA	Meta-analysis
MAD	Modified Atkins diet
MAST	Memory and attention supplement trial
MD	Mediterranean diet
MEDAS	Mediterranean diet adherence screener
MedS	Mediterranean diet adherence score
MetS	Metabolic syndrome
MHD	Mediterranean hypocaloric diet
MIND	Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay
MO	Morbid obesity
MRC	Medical Research Council
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
MUFA	Monounsaturated fatty acid
NHSD	National Survey of Health and Development
NID	Nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation
NMD	Nitrate-mediated dilatation
nRCT	Non-randomized controlled trial
OB	Obesity
OmnD	Omnivore diet
OW	Overweight
P	Participants
PC	Principal component
PCA	Principal component analysis
PM	Post-menopausal
PWV	Pulse wave velocity
RAAS	Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
rAIx75	Radial Augmentation Index75
RCT	Randomized controlled trial
RF	Ramadan fasting
RHI	Reactive hyperemia index
RNF	Ramadan non-fasting
RTCR	Resistance training caloric restriction
SEPA	Standardized Education and Physician Advice
SFA	Saturated fatty acid
sICAM	Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule
SIRT−1	Sirtuin−1
SMD	Standardized mean difference
SMIRT	Supervised moderate-intensity resistance training
SNP	Sodium nitroprusside
SR	Systematic review
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
UC	Usual care
VAI	Vascular arterial index
VegD	Vegetarian diet
VgD	Vegan diet
VLCD	Very-low-caloric diet
VLED	Very-low-energy diet
WTD	Western-type diet