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. 2024 Feb 24;14:4489. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54993-y

Table 5.

True Positive Rate for related works in comparison to the multi-label, multi-scale IPB configuration, where Multi-scale is denoted as MS, and Multi-label is denoted as ML.

Config./Class (std.) Debris Dense Diff Spread Avg.
SimCLR25 0.8559 (0.0346) 0.8712 (0.0274) 0.7538 (0.0592) 0.7874 (0.0213) 0.8170
CC27 0.5101 (0.1756) 0.3852 (0.4324) 0.2277 (0.2370) 0.3436 (0.0841) 0.3666
SimTriplet30 0.1726 (0.0266) 0.7160 (0.1390) 0.2246 (0.1864) 0.5423 (0.1012) 0.4138
MPL (Imbalanced)33 0.8158 (0.0804) 0.8423 (0.0407) 0.8818 (0.0504) 0.9292 (0.0237) 0.8672
MPL (Balanced) 0.8950 (0.0106) 0.8261 (0.0540) 0.8322 (0.0564) 0.9111 (0.0221) 0.8661
IPB (ML+MS) 0.8843 (0.0159) 0.8575 (0.0218) 0.9085 (0.0189) 0.8985 (0.0074) 0.8872

Related methods display inferior results due to the effect of class imbalances, which causes over-fitting and high variance.

Bold values represent best result for each column.