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. 2024 Feb 23;14:4469. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54956-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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DPT cells in normal and cancer portion of kidney nephrectomies from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. (A) Representative flow plot showing DPT cells in human kidneys. The gating strategy for human kidneys was identical to mouse kidneys shown in Fig. 1A. A total of 7 human kidney samples were analyzed, consisting of 2 from the adjacent “normal” portion, 2 from the cancer portion of RCC patients with ESRD and 3 samples from RCC patients without ESKD. (B) Graph showing percent DPT cells in normal, non-ESKD cancer and ESKD cancer tissue compared to CD4, CD8 and DNT cells. Data are expressed as median (IQR) and compared by non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc analysis. * = P ≤ 0.05, ** = P ≤ 0.01, *** = P ≤ 0.001, **** = P ≤ 0.0001. BF- Brightfield.