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. 2024 Feb 23;14:4469. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54956-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Kidney DPT cells have an activated and effector/central memory phenotype at baseline. A total of 1 × 10⁶ KMNCs were stained with anti-CD45, TCR, CD4, CD8, CD69, PD1, CD62L and CD44 and intracellular Ki67 antibodies. Graphs showing the percentage of (A) CD69, (B) Ki67 and (C) PD1 positive kidney CD4, CD8, DN and DPT cells in normal mouse kidneys (n = 10). (D) CD62L and CD44 markers were used to identify basal levels of naïve (CD62L+CD44−), effector memory (EM; CD62L−CD44+) and central memory (CM; CD62L+CD44 +) CD4, CD8, DN and DPT cells in normal mouse kidneys (n = 10). Data are expressed as mean ± sem and compared by non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc analysis. * = P ≤ 0.05, ** = P ≤ 0.01, *** = P ≤ 0.001.