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. 2023 Dec 20;25(2):347–357. doi: 10.1007/s11121-023-01616-z

Table 2.

E-values associated with the mediation effects and the E-value for the 95% confidence interval

Pure natural direct effect E-values Total natural indirect effect E-values
E-value 95% CI E-value 95% CI
Alcohol use 1.57 1.24 1.32 1.21
MVPA 1.25 1.16 1.11 1.00
Screen time 1.11 1.00 1.00 1.00
Sleep risk 1.00 1.00 1.29 1.11
Sugar-sweetened beverage intake 1.40 1.00 1.16 1.00
Tobacco use 1.95 1.46 1.43 1.21

E-values are in the risk ratio scale. The E-value can be interpreted as the risk ratio required between an unmeasured confounder and both the mediators and outcomes to completely explain away the observed effects. The E-value associated with 95% CI is interpreted as the risk ratio required between an unmeasured confounder with both mediators and outcome to shift the confidence interval to the null