Table 2.

Urinary excretion of selected phenolics by participants with (n = 8) and without a colon (n = 10), who were on a low (poly)phenol diet for 0–36 h, after which they fasted for 12 h. Urine collected in the 36–48 h period of the study was analysed by UHPLC-HR-MS [39] ^a.

Phenolics	With colon	Without colon	ANOVA p value
Cinnamic acids (13)
Total cinnamic acids	3.8 ± 0.4	4.8 ± 0.4	ns
Phenylpropanoic acids (14)
3-(3′-Methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid-4′-sulfate	2.4 ± 0.2	0.33 ± 0.03	*
3-(Phenyl)propanoic acid-4′-sulfate	1.2 ± 0.2	0.04 ± 0.00	*
Total phenylpropanoic acids	23.5 ± 2.2	21.5 ± 3.2	ns
Phenylhydracrylic acids (3)
3R/S-Hydroxy-3-(3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid	4.9 ± 0.3	4.8 ± 0.3	ns
3R/S-Hydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid	3.1 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.05	*
3R/S-Hydroxy-3-(3′-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid	13.4 ± 1.1	6.1 ± 0.3	*
Total phenylhydracrylic acids	21.4 ± 1.7	11.5 ± 0.7	*
Phenylacetic acids (10)
3′4′-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	10.5 ± 0.9	12.6 ± 0.9	ns
3′-Methoxyphenylacetic acid-4′-sulfate	1.3 ± 0.08	1.2 ± 0.1	ns
4′-Methoxyphenylacetic acid-3′-sulfate	2.6 ± 0.4	2.8 ± 0.5	ns
Total phenylacetic acids	19.0 ± 1.8	23.6 ± 1.9	ns
Mandelic acids (2)
2R/S-Hydroxy-2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid	13.4 ± 1.2	10.8 ± 0.4	ns
2R/S-Hydroxy-2-(4′-Hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid	19.3 ± 1.3	17.8 ± 1.0	ns
Total mandelic acids	32.7 ± 2.5	28.6 ± 1.4	ns
Benzoic acids and aldehydes (16)
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	4.3 ± 0.6	0.65 ± 0.06	*
Benzoic acid-sulfate-1	6.7 ± 0.8	0.80 ± 0.06	*
Total benzoic acids and aldehydes	25.4 ± 3.3	18.7 ± 1.7	ns
Benzene catabolites (15)
1-Hydroxybenzene-2-sulfate	14.9 ± 1.1	5.1 ± 0.3	*
Methoxybenzene-sulfate-2	22.2 ± 2.1	1.5 ± 0.1	*
Hydroxy-methoxybenzene-sulfate-1	15.3 ± 0.8	4.5 ± 0.7	*
Hydroxy-methoxybenzene-sulfate −2	4.2 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.2	*
Total hydroxybenzenes	80.6 ± 7.5	33.2 ± 3.3	*
Hippuric acids (4)
Hippuric acid	366 ± 28	238 ± 13	ns
3′-Hydroxyhippuric acid	17.3 ± 2.3	0.90 ± 0.04	*
4′-Hydroxyhippuric acid	19.9 ± 1.4	12.3 ± 0.5	ns
Total hippuric acids	403 ± 32	252 ± 14	ns
Total phenolics	609 ± 51	394 ± 27	*

Asterisks denote a statistically significant difference among two groups of subjects.

*p value < 0.05; ns – not statistically significant; n.d. not detected.

Figures in italicized parentheses are the total number of phenolics detected in each category including those excreted in sub-μmol amounts that were not statistically different. The total quantities of phenolics excreted in each phenolic category are presented in italics.

^aData expressed as mean values in μmol ± SE.