TABLE 3.
Associations (estimated ORs and 95% CIs) between cocaine use and the risk of head and neck cancer in the INHANCE consortium.
| Cases | Controls | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 b | Model 2 c | |||
| Cocaine use | ||||
| Never | 1549 | 2389 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Ever | 90 | 117 | 1.58 (1.17, 2.13) | 1.35 (0.96, 1.90) |
| p for heterogeneity | 0.027 | 0.074 | ||
| Lifetime cocaine use frequency | ||||
| Never | 1549 | 2389 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| ≤median d | 38 | 58 | 1.36 (0.89, 2.08) | 1.19 (0.75, 1.89) |
| >median | 52 | 59 | 1.80 (1.21, 2.67) | 1.52 (0.98, 2.35) |
| p for heterogeneity | 0.083 | 0.18 | ||
| Lifetime cocaine use frequency | ||||
| Never | 1549 | 2389 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 0–30 times | 47 | 70 | 1.43 (0.97, 2.10) | 1.26 (0.82, 1.93) |
| 30–100 times | 11 | 11 | 2.46 (1.05, 5.73) | 1.73 (0.69, 4.37) |
| More than 100 times | 32 | 36 | 1.63 (0.99, 2.69) | 1.40 (0.82, 2.42) |
| p for trend | 0.004 | 0.096 | ||
| p for heterogeneity | 0.19 | 0.38 | ||
a
Random effects model.
b
Adjusted for age (continuous), sex, race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, and others), and education (Junior high school or less, some high school, high school graduate, technical school or some college, and college graduate or more).
c
Model 1 with additional adjustment for ever tobacco use status, tobacco use pack‐years, alcohol consumption drink‐years, and ever cannabis smoking status.
d
Median frequency = 18 times.