Table 2.
Survival of prostate cancer patients according to serum Se and Zn levels.
| Frequency | Univariable Cox Regression | Multivariable Cox Regression | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Overall, n = 338 | Alive, n = 246 | Dead, n = 92 | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p |
| Se | |||||||||
| Se level | |||||||||
| QI 41.58–72.03 (65.06) | 107 (32%) | 62 (25%) | 45 (49%) | 2.94 | 1.59, 5.45 | <0.001 | 2.43 | 1.29, 4.57 | 0.006 |
| QII 72.05–78.07 (75.14) | 83 (25%) | 61 (25%) | 22 (24%) | 1.63 | 0.82–3.24 | 0.2 | 1.84 | 0.92–3.67 | 0.085 |
| QIII 78.08–87.63 (82.82) | 73 (22%) | 61 (25%) | 12 (13%) | 0.95 | 0.43–2.08 | 0.9 | 1.01 | 0.45–2.23 | >0.9 |
| QIV (reference) 87.96–138.27 (94.78) | 75 (22%) | 62 (25%) | 13 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Age | |||||||||
| ≤60 (reference) 41.00–60.00 (56.57) | 77 (23%) | 66 (27%) | 11 (12%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| >60 61.00–86.00 (68.45) | 261 (77%) | 180 (73%) | 81 (88%) | 2.37 | 1.26–4.45 | 0.007 | 2.04 | 1.07–3.87 | 0.030 |
| Gleason | |||||||||
| <7 | 114 (34%) | 80 (33%) | 34 (37%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 7 | 166 (49%) | 135 (55%) | 31 (34%) | 0.60 | 0.37–0.98 | 0.040 | 0.62 | 0.38–1.01 | 0.056 |
| >7 | 58 (17%) | 31 (13%) | 27 (29%) | 1.84 | 1.11–3.04 | 0.018 | 1.54 | 0.92–2.59 | 0.10 |
| PSA | |||||||||
| <4 | 19 (5.6%) | 13 (5.3%) | 6 (6.5%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 4–10 | 185 (55%) | 156 (63%) | 29 (32%) | 0.45 | 0.19–1.09 | 0.076 | 0.50 | 0.21–1.21 | 0.12 |
| >10 | 134 (40%) | 77 (31%) | 57 (62%) | 1.46 | 0.63–3.38 | 0.4 | 1.32 | 0.56–3.08 | 0.5 |
| Zn | |||||||||
| Zn level | |||||||||
| QI 515.70–784.83 (701.67) | 112 (33%) | 62 (25%) | 50 (54%) | 4.91 | 2.33–10.4 | <0.001 | 4.11 | 1.93–8.74 | <0.001 |
| QII 785.22–863.23 (820.73) | 80 (24%) | 61 (25%) | 19 (21%) | 2.22 | 0.97–5.08 | 0.058 | 2.08 | 0.91–4.75 | 0.084 |
| QIII 863.76–944.15 (906.19) | 76 (22%) | 61 (25%) | 15 (16%) | 1.81 | 0.77–4.27 | 0.2 | 1.87 | 0.79–4.42 | 0.2 |
| QIV (reference) 944.26–1339.61 (1036.22) | 70 (21%) | 62 (25%) | 8 (8.7%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Age | |||||||||
| ≤60 (reference) 41.00–60.00 (56.57) | 77 (23%) | 66 (27%) | 11 (12%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| >60 61.00–86.00 (68.45) | 261 (77%) | 180 (73%) | 81 (88%) | 2.37 | 1.26–4.45 | 0.007 | 1.87 | 0.99–3.54 | 0.053 |
| Gleason | |||||||||
| <7 | 114 (34%) | 80 (33%) | 34 (37%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 7 | 166 (49%) | 135 (55%) | 31 (34%) | 0.60 | 0.37–0.98 | 0.040 | 0.66 | 0.41–1.08 | 0.10 |
| >7 | 58 (17%) | 31 (13%) | 27 (29%) | 1.84 | 1.11–3.04 | 0.018 | 1.52 | 0.91–2.53 | 0.11 |
| PSA | |||||||||
| <4 | 19 (5.6%) | 13 (5.3%) | 6 (6.5%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 4–10 | 185 (55%) | 156 (63%) | 29 (32%) | 0.45 | 0.19–1.09 | 0.076 | 0.53 | 0.22–1.30 | 0.2 |
| >10 | 134 (40%) | 77 (31%) | 57 (62%) | 1.46 | 0.63–3.38 | 0.4 | 1.54 | 0.66–3.58 | 0.3 |
HR—hazard ratio; CI—confidence interval; Q—quartile; PSA—prostate specific antigen.