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. 2024 Feb 9;12(2):142. doi: 10.3390/toxics12020142

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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TEM images of the NPs tested in the stock suspension or in the exposure medium. (A) TiO₂-UNC dispersed in the PLHC-1 cell medium at a concentration of 100 mg/L. Due to the extremely small size of the single NPs, the measurements of the NPs had to be conducted in base to their crystal layers (marked in red). The presence of the metal NPs was confirmed via EDX analysis. This comment is applied to all the TiO₂ and CeO₂ NPs. (B) Stock suspension of CeO₂-CIT NP. (C) Stock suspension of Ag-CIT NP.