Table 7.

List of piceatannol (PIC) uses and Nrf2 pathway-based activity in vitro studies.

Author and Year	Cell Culture	Intervention Time	Concentration	Condition/Disease	Mechanism in Nrf2
Hao et al. [282]	Cells ARPE-19	24 h	15 μM	Prevent macular degeneration	↑ antioxidant genes, catalytic subunit glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLc), SOD and HO-1, ↓ ROS
Kil et al. [274]	Endothelial cells	ECs were pre-incubated for 6 h with Pic before 12 h exposure to 3 mM Hcy	10 μM	Prevent endothelial cell apoptosis	Induced HO-1 expression, ↓ ROS
Achy-Brou et al. [283]	RAW 264.7 macrophages cells	24 and 48 h	3, 10, 20 or 30 μM	Cytotoxicity and ability to reduce NO	Are cytotoxic to transformed RAW 264.7 macrophages inhibit ↓ NO expression via Nrf2
Zhu et al. [284]	Human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT cell line)	24 h	15 μM	Preventing the proliferation of acne vulgaris	↓ NF-κB, ↑ HO-1 and NQO1
Li et al. [280]	H9C2 rat cardiac myoblasts	48 h	10 μM	Diabetic cardiomyopathy	↓ IL-6 and TNF-α, ↑ Nrf2 expression, via Nrf2/HO-1, SOD
Hosoda et al. [206]	C2C12 myoblasts	24 h	10 μM	Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects	↓ ROS, ↑ HO-1
Wang et al. [285]	Highly differentiated rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells)	24 h	2.5; 10 and 40 μM	Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury	↓ MDA and LDH, ↑ HO-1 and NQO1

↑: increased; ↓: decreased; Ecs: endothelial cells; PIC = piceatannol Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; ROS: reactive oxygen species; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NQO1: quinone oxidoreductase 1; MDA: malondialdehyde; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GCLC: glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: interleukin-6; iNOS: induced nitric oxide synthase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; PMs: primary peritoneal macrophages; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; HaCaT: cell line of aneuploid immortal keratinocytes from adult human skin; NO: nitric oxide.