Table 1.

Main CNS diseases and disorders with accompanying neuroinflammation.

CNS Disorder	Main Pathogenetic Factor	Ref.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)	extracellular Aβ amyloid plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated τ-protein neurofibrillary tangles; cholinergic neuron loss; neurodegenerative	[9]
Parkinson’s disease (PD)	intracellular aggregates of α-synuclein; dopaminergic neuron loss in substantia nigra pars compacta; neurodegenerative	[10]
Huntington’s disease(HD)	aggregates of misfolded huntingtin; shrinkage of brain; neuron loss in striatum; neurodegenerative	[11]
Multiple sclerosis (MS)	auto-immune-mediated demyelination of neurons; neurodegenerative	[12]
Depression	dysregulated neuroplasticity monoamine neurotransmission; neuroendocrinal function	[13]
Anxiety disorders	disturbances of neurotransmittency	[14]
Schizophrenia	disturbances of neurotransmittency; altered connectivity and neuroplasticity in neurodevelopmental period	[15]
Ischemic stroke	occlusion of cerebral artery, e.g., by thrombus with subsequent regional decrease of oxygen to the brain;	[16]
Infections	bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Neisseria meningitidis); viruses (e.g., Ebola virus, HIV); protozoa and helminths (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii); fungi (e.g., Cryptococcus neoformans)	[17]
CNS cancer	gene alteration; oxidative damage; environmental causes (e.g., diet); infections	[18]