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. 2024 Feb 6;24(4):1069. doi: 10.3390/s24041069

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Smart Dental Implant System. (a) Ambulatory photo-biomodulation therapy enabled by SDI maintains overall oral health, while normal dental implants without therapeutic function can cause severe oral diseases (image was modified from the source: http://www.deardoctor.com/articles/peri-implantitis-can-cause-implant-failure/). (b) Schematic view of SDI assembly based on a screw-retain dental implant design, consisting of (c) two-phase composite dental crown, associated electronics, and micro-LEDs. (d) Prototype SDI on a US penny. (e) Two different types of integrated circuits for continuous wave (CW) or pulsed wave (PW). Reprinted with permission from [148]. Copyright 2023 Wiley-VCH.