Figure 32.

Applications of E-TENG-based energy harvester for green mechanical energy and self-powered sensor to monitor body movements. Photographs and open-circuit voltage signals of the E-TENG attached on body parts to monitor (a) finger bending under different bending angles, (b) arm bending under different bending frequencies and (c) wrist bending under different temperatures (−80 and 25 °C). (d) Generated electrical energy of the E-TENG for wearable applications in extreme environments. (e) Detailed pictures and the equivalent circuit of the self-charging system for practical applications. Reprinted with permission from [118]. Copyright 2023 Elsevier Ltd.