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. 2024 Feb 13;16(2):267. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020267

Figure 4.

Figure 4

(A) skin structure; (B) proposed mechanism of action of soft nanovesicular carriers: fluidization of the lipid bilayers in the SC and opening the “door” for the penetration of the active molecules into the deep skin layers. The penetration enhancement is a result of the action of the nanovesicular system reproduced from [1] with permission.