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. 2024 Feb 10;16(2):98. doi: 10.3390/toxins16020098

Table 2.

The quality of the evidence was based on the grading quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations in clinical practice guidelines [7]. RCTs = randomized controlled trials.

Rank Explanation Examples
High Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of the effect
  • Randomized trials without serious limitations

  • Well-performed observational studies with very large effects (or other qualifying factors)

Moderate Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate
  • Randomized trials with serious limitations

  • Well-performed observational studies yielding large effects

Low Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of the effect and is likely to change the estimate
  • Randomized trials with very serious limitations

  • Observational studies without special strengths or important limitations

Very low Any estimate of the effect is very uncertain
  • Randomized trials with very serious limitations and inconsistent results

  • Observational studies with serious limitations

  • Unsystematic clinical observations (i.e., case series or case reports)