Table 2.

TB outbreaks involving Israeli Ethiopians: characteristics and contributing factors.

Year	TB Cases	Cont. N.	Outbreak Contributing Factors
			Patient Level	System Level
2022 *	6	89	Nonadherence to LTB treatment	Termination of DOT for LTB
2014 [12]	6	25	Patient miscommunication, crowded living conditions	Staff miscommunication
2014 [15]	10	174	Rural community cultural practices, noncompliance with contact screening, smoking	Prison TB control measures ignored, downsizing of TB clinic staff, staff unfamiliarity with rural community cultural practices
2020 [16]	13	385	Noncompliance with contact screening and LTB treatment, poverty, substance abuse, stigma	Challenging transportation route to the TB clinic, partial identification of TB contacts, unavailability of IGRA tests

TB, tuberculosis; Cont. N, contacts number; *, the current outbreak; LTB, latent tuberculosis; DOT, directly observed treatment; IGRA, interferon-gamma release assay.